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Insights into Early Peoples: Discoveries from Bones and Artifacts

Explore how bones and artifacts provide clues about ancient civilizations, from determining age and lifestyle to technological advancements and cultural practices. Discover major achievements in the Old Stone Age and the significance of fire in human history.

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Insights into Early Peoples: Discoveries from Bones and Artifacts

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  1. Chapter 1: The Peopling of the World – Prehistory to 2500 BC Section 1: Human Origins in Africa

  2. Q3: What Clues do bones and artifacts give about early peoples? • You can discover much about early peoples by what they left behind. • For Example (always give an example): • Bones can help determine how old they were when they died, how they died (like what diseases they may have suffered from or wounds), and when they lived. • Artifacts such as tools , jewelry, or clothing can tell us about the level of technology the people had and what existed in their environment. A tool made from an ivory tusk tells us that mammoth or other animals lived in the area.

  3. Q4: What were the major achievements in human history during the Old Stone Age? • Tools: first use of tools & then Making tools ~2.5 million years ago (begins the stone age). • Fire: First use of fire & then mastery over the making of fire ~200,000 years ago. • Spoken Language: ability to communicate knowledge & wisdom to the next generation allows humans to pass on what each generation learns. Examples: how to make a spear tip, how to track and stalk prey, what plants are good for eating & have medicinal properties.

  4. Q5: How did Cro-Magnons and Neanderthals differ from earlier peoples? • Both had larger brains than earlier people and as a result of “being smarter” they accomplished more. • For Example: • Neanderthals had religious beliefs (buried dead with possessions), music (found flute with bones). • Cro-Magnon created more sophisticated tools (bow and arrow), had advanced language skills to pass down knowledge.

  5. Q6: Why was the discovery of FIRE so important? • Fire was a powerful tool for early humans. • With Fire people could adapt to colder environments. • Fire is a weapon & can be used for protection. • Fire cooks food and makes more food available & easier to digest. • Fire as a tool can be used to clear land or make even more tools. Ex: harden the tips of spears for greater effectiveness (eventually Metal tools – copper age ~5000 B.C.)

  6. Q7: Physical appearance, customs, & culture remain largely unknown b/c: • Possible Answer - Scientists and historians are always discovering new evidence that changes the way we see the world and ourselves.

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