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Exploring the Design Space of Sensor Networks Using Route-aware MAC Protocols

Explore design space of sensor networks using route-aware MAC protocols for energy-efficient operation. Our approach integrates on-demand routing and route-awareness at the MAC layer to reduce idle listening. Can merging contention-based and TDMA MACs improve performance under varying network conditions? Testbeds in wildlife tracking and lab settings evaluate the proposed protocols. Decoupling throughput and response time enhances efficiency. Performance results show RA-TDMA for low energy budget and RA-SMAC for medium energy usage. Study design choices in existing MAC protocols for improved performance trade-offs.

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Exploring the Design Space of Sensor Networks Using Route-aware MAC Protocols

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  1. Exploring the Design Space of Sensor Networks Using Route-aware MAC Protocols Injong Rhee and Bob Fornaro Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University

  2. Motivation and Goal • Expanding design space • Under extremely low energy budget New MAC schemes Existing Sensor MAC Protocols

  3. Our approach: Route-aware MAC (RASMAC) • On-demand routing paradigm (Directed diffusion, SPIN, etc) • Route-awareness: the MAC layer of a node knows whether it is on a “currently active routing path” or not. • If not on such a path, it switches off its radio. • Reduce idle listening SINK

  4. TDMA + Contention-based MAC • Can we try to merge them together? • Contention-based (802.11) • Fast, but under high contention, low throughput • TDMA • Under low contention, slow • Time synchronization • Not scalable scheduling • Not good for changes and mobility • But, under high contention, high throughput and fair

  5. Testbed: Wildlife tracking • Endangered animals in NC (Red wolves, black bears, etc.) • Current telemetry techniques are not adequate. • Sensor networks can improve monitoring of these animals • Our teams have been working with wildlife biologists and NC zoology association on this project.

  6. Lab Testbed • Testbed with 100 sensor nodes spread around a building in NCSU • Study networking issues • Congestion control • MAC • Routing issues. • Applications: tracking, monitoring • Not just for sensor networks, but general enough to study ad hoc, wireless mesh networks.

  7. Route-aware MAC (RASMAC) • If off, how does it know of a new active path? • Software: Periodic synchronization • Hardware: passive radio-powered trigger • Decoupling of throughput and response time. • Periodic synchronization (Response time) • Wake-up time duration (or frequency) while on active paths (Throughput)

  8. Performance results:Route-aware MACs RA-TDMA: Extremely low Energy budget RA-SMAC: Low energy budget Existing MAC c

  9. Design choices :Existing approaches SMAC: Tradeoff (coupling of Throughput and Response time) TDMA: Good service Medium energy 802.11 Good service High energy

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