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Trade Routes of the Post-Classical Era

Trade Routes of the Post-Classical Era. Laura Elizondo and Jessica Gan. Indian ocean trade. What was Traded?. ivory rhinoceros horn tortoise shell tools glassware wheat spices pepper ginger cinnamon turmeric cardamom cloves nutmeg mace. Trading Cities. Kilwa Sofala Mombasa

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Trade Routes of the Post-Classical Era

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  1. Trade Routes of thePost-Classical Era Laura Elizondo and Jessica Gan

  2. Indian ocean trade

  3. What was Traded? • ivory • rhinoceros horn • tortoise shell • tools • glassware • wheat • spices • pepper • ginger • cinnamon • turmeric • cardamom • cloves • nutmeg • mace

  4. Trading Cities • Kilwa • Sofala • Mombasa • Malindi • Rhapta • Mafia Island • Spice Islands

  5. Fun Facts • started in 700 • Arab traders arrived on Africa’s east coast • allowed contact between African cities and Arabia, South Persian ,and India • sailed on wooden vessels known as dhows • trade resulted in human migration • many merchants from the Arabian Peninsula, India, and Southeast Asia stayed in East Africa • interracial marriage developed into a new ethic group: Swahili

  6. Swahili Coast trade The Swahili Coast: African Monsoon Routes and Major Trade Routes

  7. What was Traded? • gold • ivory • slaves • textiles • ironwork • Chinese porcelain • exotic animals • bananas • coconuts

  8. Who Traded? • Arabia • Persia • India • China

  9. Major Trade Cities • Mogadishu • Mombasa • Malindi • Pate • Zanzibar • Kilwa • controlled southern port of Sofala which had access to gold production – was very wealthy • because of location in the south, Indian traders could sail and return in a single monsoon season By the year 1500 trade focus shifted from the town of Kilwa to Mambasa and Malindi on the Kenya coast.

  10. Fun Facts • “Swahili” is the Bantu word for “people of the coast” • IbnBattuta (remember him?) was impressed with the beauty of trading towns • Arabic influenced the Swahili language • merchants were Islamic • Swahili coast trade had to be organized on the prevailing monsoon winds • sailing was never easy IbnBattuta

  11. Silk road Trade

  12. What was Traded? • silk • jade • bronze • glass • amber • coral • pearls • wool • textiles • ivory • gold • precious stones • spices • furs • ceramics • exotic plants • animals • tea • porcelain

  13. What else was Traded? } • Buddhism • Manichaeism • Islam • Bubonic Plague • silkworm cultivation • gunpowder • spinning wheel RELIGION } TECHNOLOGY

  14. Cultural Diffusion • Buddhism brought to China by Indian Buddhist monks • brought art and architectural styles • enriched Chinese intellectual and artistic life • Buddhist monks introduced chairs to China

  15. Decline of Silk Road • conquest of Constantinople by the Islamic Turks • most of the Silk Road passing into Europe was cut off • demand for goods from European countries increased the search for sea routes • the discovery of routes through the Atlantic Ocean and around the Cape of Good Hope dwindled the importance of the Silk Road

  16. Fun Facts • goods carried by camel caravans • established to ensure alliance to defend Han Empire from Mongolian nomads (Huns) • Western Asia introduced grapes and wine to China • Marco Polo increased the desire for oriental goods with his travel stories about Chinese wealth

  17. Trans-Saharan Trade

  18. What was Traded? • gold • salt • copper • captives • ivory • fabrics • animal skins • ostrich feathers

  19. Trade Goods from Southward • iron • knives • scissors • needles • razors • brass • copperware • luxury items • silk • velvet • brocade • glass • porcelain beads • ornaments • jewelry • mirrors • carpets • perfumes • paper • tea • coffee • sugar • horses

  20. More Trading Goods North • salts • dates • copper • gold • kola nuts • Islam Savanna • slaves • elephant ivory • hippo ivory • ostrich feathers • animal hides • ink • textiles West • salt • gold

  21. Fun Facts • started from KumbiSalen, ancient Ghana, Timbuktu, Gao, Mali, Hausa, States, Kanem Bornu • copper minded at Takedda traded in local markets • became raw material for local artifacts • Arab slave traders traded captives for domestic servants, agricultural laborers, soldiers, and concubines • North African Berbers traveled with camel caravans • 1000 camels per caravan

  22. Chinese innovations

  23. Economic Innovations of Sui China • Emperor Yangdi ordered the construction of a series of great canals • linked various parts of the empire • built to allow transport of rice from the south to the north • joined Yellow River area and cities of the northeast to the Yangtze basin of the South • opened up the south to migration and commercial development

  24. Economic Innovations of Tang China • steel-tipped plows • wheelbarrows • eased plowing, planting, • weeding and harvesting tasks • waterwheels • double cropping • paper money • silk spinning • printing press • new crucible method of iron extraction from ore • mass porcelain production • Chinese ships – “junks” – best ships in the world at the time • market places where products were sold

  25. Economic Innovations of Song China • extended the Grand Canal that linked Yangtze and Yellow River basins • alllowed mass shipments of rice from north to south • printing press • made more books

  26. Fun Facts • Emperor Yangdi killed his father Wendi to reach the throne • (it’s like a soap opera) • Footbinding began in the Tang Dynasty

  27. Zheng He in the Ming Dynasty • Emperor Chu Ti sent admiral Zheng He for naval expeditions • first voyage was in 1405 • original purpose was to find former ruler Chu Yun-Wen, but he was never found • allowed China to dominate trade in Southeast Asian and Indian Ocean • foreign rulers gave emperor lions, leopards, giraffes, and ostriches • increase in demand for Chinese silk, porcelain, and lacquer

  28. Zheng He’s Voyages • kept a careful record of his travels • voyages extended from Southeast Asia to India • seventh and last voyage was in 1433 • after former emperor died, voyages ceased • cost • Confucians preferred traditional expenditures rather than distant foreign involvements

  29. Fun Facts • Zheng He’s nickname was “three jeweled eunuch” • Chinese trading groups established permanent settlements in the Philippines Malaysia, and Indonesia • added to cultural diversity and maintained a disproportionate role in local and regional trading activities

  30. the americas

  31. the maya

  32. What was traded? • salt • main trade • obsidian • amber • embroidered cloth • cacao • used as currency • turquoise • jade • feathers • jaguar hides • cotton • rubber

  33. Fun Facts • much of the trade was by land • also sea trade was important • the elite controlled the trade • maintained their power • through trade • there were no wheels, so slaves had to carry goods by hand

  34. the aztecs

  35. What was traded? • cacao beans • jaguar hides • cotton • maize • knives • virtually every product available in Mesoamerica at the time

  36. Fun Facts • Tlatelolco had the largest market • 60,000 people visited daily • merchants carried goods in caravans

  37. north american trade

  38. What was traded? • agricultural products • hardware • hoes • axes • copper • salt • chert • mica

  39. Fun Facts • North America was made up of mostly kinship groups • maintained peace by paying tribute in the form of seashells and beads, which were obtained by trade

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