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Quiz. Sample Outline Format: TITLE OF OUTLINE: Use name of the chapter. (Reconstruction) I . Main topic A . Important subtopic B . Important subtopic 1 . Detail a . Sub-detail 1. Detail related to sub-detail 2. Detail related to sub-detail

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  1. Quiz

  2. Sample Outline Format: TITLE OF OUTLINE: Use name of the chapter. (Reconstruction) I. Main topic A. Important subtopic B. Important subtopic 1. Detail a. Sub-detail 1. Detail related to sub-detail 2. Detail related to sub-detail b. Sub-detail c. Sub-detail 2. Detail 3. Detail a. Sub-detail b. Sub-detail 1. Detail related to sub-detail 2. Detail related to sub-detail

  3. I. Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874 • Republican governments in the South • Could not overcome racism. • Racism deepened the divisions within the party. • Southern Democrats realized they could use racism among whites to build unity. • This racial unity translated into election victories. • Northerners lost interest in the issue of racism in the South. • Racism became “respectable” in some areas. • Some intellectuals and journalists wrote about • “scientific” theories that claimed white • superiority. • These theories influenced Liberal • Republicans and split the Republican Party. • This weakened the party and allowed white Southerners to reclaim control.

  4. I. Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874 • 2. • a. • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • a. • b. • b. • 1. • 2.

  5. I. Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874 • The Uses of Violence • Racial violence increased in the South • as the former slaves attempted to • exercise their civil rights to vote. • Cities were flashpoints of violence due • to the economic competition between • blacks and whites for jobs. • White paramilitary groups were also • common sources of violence: • a. Ku Klux Klan (“Invisible Empire”) • 1. Founded in 1866 by Confederate • veterans as a social group soon • turned to intimidate blacks. • 2. Focused on preventing the vote. • 3. Estimated that 10% of all black • delegates to the 1867 state con- • stitutional conventions were victims.

  6. I. Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874 • The Uses of Violence (cont.) • 3. White paramilitary groups (cont.) • 4. Colfax, Louisiana Incident • a. White Democratic mob tried • to takeover control of local • government from elected • Republican government. • b. The white mob broke • through, massacred the • remaining black officials. • b. What were the results of this • violence? • 1. Democrats began regaining • powerin other states (North • Carolina and Georgia in 1870). • 2. Federal Government took action: • .

  7. I. Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874 • The Uses of Violence (cont.) • b. What were the results of this violence? • 1. Democrats began regaining power • in other states (North Carolina and • Georgia in 1870). • 2. Federal Government took action: • a. 15th Amendment (1869) • b. Enforcement Act of 1870 • c. Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871

  8. I. Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874 • The Failure of Northern Will • Northern Republicans did not follow • through with their commitment to • equal rights in the South. • a. Did not enforce 15th Amendment • b. Corruption and scandal distracted • the nation.

  9. I. Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874 • The Failure of Northern Will (cont.) • Northern Republicans did not follow • through with their commitment to • equal rights in the South. • a. Did not enforce 15th Amendment • b. Corruption and scandal distracted • the nation. • 1. Democrat William • Tweed (Tammany Hall) • embezzled $100 million. • 2. Members of Congress and • President Grant exchanged • political favors for stock. • c. Racism. • d. Booming economy distracted many. • .

  10. I. Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874 • The Failure of Northern Will (cont.) • c. Racism gained scientific respectability. • d. Booming economy distracted many. • 1. Railroad expansion and steam • powered factories increased • production. • 2. Natural resources of oil and • iron ore fueled this boom. • 3. Railroad, mining and lumber • lobbyists crowed Washington • to win subsidies and influence • laws. • .

  11. I. Counter-Reconstruction, 1870-1874 • Liberal Republicans and the Election of 1872 • 1. Tried a variety of actions to improve • government: • a. Advocated civil service reform • b. Limit government by reducing • tariffs & end land grants to • railroads. • c. Pushed a general amnesty for • whites in the South. • 2. Republican Party rejected these ideas the • some (“LR’s”) broke from the party. • a. They allied with the Democrats. • b. Ran Horace Greeley against • President Grant in 1872 but lost. • 3. By 1873, an economic depression, violence in the south • & corruption in Grant’s Administration killed their plan.

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