1 / 22

Computer Organization : Introduction

Computer Organization : Introduction. Spring 200 6 Jen-Chang Liu ( http:// staffweb.ncnu.edu.tw/jcliu / course/ cod200 6 .html ). Teaching materials. Textbook

leala
Download Presentation

Computer Organization : Introduction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Computer Organization:Introduction Spring 2006 Jen-Chang Liu (http://staffweb.ncnu.edu.tw/jcliu/course/cod2006.html)

  2. Teaching materials • Textbook • "Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface", David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy , 3rd Edition, 2005, Morgan Kaufmann • Web pages • Most of the slides are adapted from U.C. Berkeley course for machine structures http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs61c/

  3. Grading Policy • Gradingpolicy • Midterm Exam: 20% • Final Exam: 25% • Homework, Quiz, Project45% • TA Bonus 15% • Scores will be posted on course homepage • email request for correctionof grades

  4. Class Schedule • 10:10~12:00 Tuesday • Regular class • 13:10~14:00 Monday • Quiz: 上週課程，作業的內容 • Laboratory in computer room • Monday morning • TA assignment

  5. Course Problems • Can’t attend midterm, final exam. • Tell us early and we will schedule alternate time before exam • 期末考未到以零分計算 • No delay for homework • Problem with homework score must email me or TA within one week

  6. Course Problems • What is cheating? • Studying together in groups is encouraged • Work must be your own • Common examples of cheating: running out of time on a assignment and then pick up output, take homework from box and copy, person asks to borrow solution “just to take a look”, copying an exam question, ... • Better off to skip assignment (how much can one assignment mean?)

  7. Penalties for cheating • Cheat for Homework or Quiz: • 0 for any cheating • More than 2 cheats, you will fail in this course • Cheat in Exam: • 0 for the course

  8. Application (programs) Operating Compiler System (Windows, etc) Software Assembler Instruction Set Architecture Hardware Processor Memory I/O system Datapath & Control Digital Design Circuit Design transistors What is“Computer Organization”? High level Low level

  9. Levels of Representation lw $t0, 0($2) lw $t1, 4($2) sw $t1, 0($2) sw $t0, 4($2) temp = v[k]; /* swap v[k] and v[k+1] */ v[k] = v[k+1]; v[k+1] = temp; High Level Language Program (e.g., C) Compiler Assembly Language Program (e.g.,MIPS) Assembler 0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000 1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111 Machine Language Program (MIPS) Machine Interpretation wire w0; XOR (w0, a, b); AND (s, w0, a); Control Signal Specification

  10. Anatomy: 5 components of any Computer Personal Computer Keyboard, Mouse Computer Processor (active) Memory (passive) (where programs, data live when running) Devices Disk(where programs, data live when not running) Input Control (“brain”) Datapath (“brawn”) Output Display, Printer

  11. Five components of computer • Input, output, memory, datapath, control

  12. Textbook Outline • Chap. 2: Machine Instructions, 100 pages! • We will use a simulator to learn the machine language • Chap. 3: Arithmetic for computers • Chap. 4: Performance • Chap. 5: Datapath and control • Chap. 6: Processors • Chap. 7: Memory • Chap. 8: I/O

  13. Aim of this course • “Show the relationshipbetween hardware and software and focus on the concepts that are the basis for current computers” • 計組是研究所考試必考科目 • Advanced classes • Operating system • Advance computer architecture (杜老師)

  14. So what's in it for me? • Computer Organization Study from a programmer's view • What the programmer writes • How it is converted to something the computer understands • How the computer interprets the program • What makes programs go slow/fast

  15. Chapter 1: Computer abstractions and technology

  16. Hierarchical view of hardware and software

  17. Technology Trends: Memory Capacity(1 Chip DRAM) • year size(Megabit) • 1980 0.0625 • 1983 0.25 • 1986 1 • 1989 4 • 1992 16 • 1996 64 • 2000 256 • 1G • Now 1.4X/yr, or doubling every 2 years • 4000X since 1980

  18. Technology Trends: Microprocessor Capacity 2X transistors/Chip Every 1.5 years 2X transistors/Chip Every 2 years “Moore’s Law”

  19. Technology Trends: Processor Performance

  20. Computer Technology =>Dramatic Change • Processor • 2X in speed every 1.5 years; 100X performance in last decade • Memory • DRAM capacity: 2x / 2 years; 64X size in last decade • Disk • capacity: > 2X in size every 1.0 years • 120X size in last decade

  21. Computer Technology => Dramatic Change • State-of-the-art PC when you graduate: • Processor clock speed: 5000 MegaHertz (5.0 GigaHertz) • Memory capacity: 4000 MegaByte (4.0 GigaBytes) • Disk capacity: 2000 GigaBytes (2.0 TeraBytes) • New units! Mega => Giga, Giga => Tera

  22. Summary • Continued rapid improvement in computing • 2X every 2.0 years in memory size; every 1.5 years in processor speed; every 1.0 year in disk capacity; • Moore’s Law enables processor(2X transistors/chip ~2 yrs) • 5 classic components of all computers Control Datapath Memory Input Output } Processor

More Related