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Carbon Foot Printing for Textile Industries. Training on “Reducing Carbon Foot Print in Textile Industries”. Windsor Suite Hotel, Bangkok 27 October 2010. Dr . Balasankari B.E., M.Engg., Ph.D Arul Joe Mathias B.E., M.Engg., MBA. WHAT IS CARBON FOOT PRINTING (CFP)?.
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Carbon Foot Printing for Textile Industries Training on “Reducing Carbon Foot Print in Textile Industries” Windsor Suite Hotel, Bangkok 27 October 2010 Dr. Balasankari B.E., M.Engg., Ph.D Arul Joe Mathias B.E., M.Engg., MBA
WHAT IS CARBON FOOT PRINTING (CFP)? • GHG emission caused directly or indirectly by an individual, event or product • Measure of environmental impact • Considers CO2 and GHG emissions • Unit: t CO2e
APPROACHES… • Accounts energy inputs and emission outputs • Limited to emissions effects on climate change • Consider life cycle assessment
TYPES OF CFP • Organisational carbon foot print • deals with entire activities • Product carbon foot print (single product / activity / service) • deals with life of product • All activities and products through the supply chain • Considers right from production to until end use
STANDARDS FOR CFP • GHG protocol • Carbon trust standard • ISO 14064-1 • ISO 14065 • PAS 2050 • Legal sector alliance protocol
SCOPES • Scope 1 - direct emission • Scope 2 - indirect emission due to the generation of purchased electricity • Scope 3 - all other indirect emissions
STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED • Decision on the method/procedure/standard to be followed • Identification of organisational and operational boundaries • Collection of data • Application of the emissions factors • Verification of the results • Devising a strategy to reduce emission • Verifying the actions to reduce emission
REPORTING • Is based on GHG protocol corporate standards • Includes • Required Information • Optional Information
INTRODUCTION • Textile industries are the biggest sources of GHGs • Clothing industry accounts for 4% of global CFP • >1 million tons of textiles are thrown away each year • They do not decompose quickly • Generate methane while decomposing (e.g. woolen garments)
SIGNIFICANCE • Significant in entire processes from cotton growing to until delivery to retailers and final disposal • Cotton cultivation practices – chemicals & machineries, • Ginning – electricity • Spinning – humidification & other electrical applications • Wet processing – heat & chemicals • Garment, carpet, woollen, jute - electricity & chemicals • Logistics to retailer – transportation : fossil fuels Ultimate Result global warming
GLOBAL IMPACT • For producing 60 billion kg of fabric every year • 132 million metric tons of coal is burnt and • 9 trillion litres of water is used • In 2009, first carbon foot print for textile and related products were released in UK
CFP REDUCTION OPTIONS • Energy efficiency measures • Use of renewable energy
CFP REDUCTION POTENTIALS • Spinning – potential to reduce energy use by 10% • Water treatment – potential to reduce about 20% emissions reduction • Dyeing – Some of the new technologies and organic dyestuffs reduce emissions by about 20% • Finishing – old machinery replacement and elimination of diesel generators reduce emission by 15%
EXAMPLE FOR CFP REDUCTION • 25% savings in climate change impact for gentle power bleach
GENTLE POWER BLEACH • Peroxide bleach preparation at mild conditions (at low temperature of 65oC & neutral pH) • Enhanced quality • No fiber damage • Increased garment durability • Enzyme technology • Saves in energy and water • Reduces cotton weight loss
Case Study 1CFP of A T-shirtWhite colourMen’s T-shirtLarge size
CONTINENTAL CLOTHING COMPANY Products: Blank printable t-shirts, polo shirts and sweat shirts
PROCESSES INVOLVED • Organic cotton farming • Ginning • Spinning • Knitting • Dyeing • Cutting and sewing • Transport to harbor • Ship transport • Transport to shops • Usage by user • Final disposal
CFP OF A T-SHIRT – NORMAL PROCESS • CFP of one t-shirt adds – 6.5 - 7kg CO2
CFP MEASURES • Organic farming • 100% certified organic cotton shirts • Natural irrigation practice • Cotton farms were located in such a way that monsoon rain could supply 95% of water • Renewable energy use • Production facility is powered by a nearby wind farm
CFP MEASURES … • Cotton waste generated • used as organic fertiliser or • used for other textile and upholstery products • Dyes • made in controlled environment • wastewater is thoroughly treated • Packaging • using biodegradable or 100% recycled materials.
CFP REDUCTION USING RENEWABLES • Actual CFP of a T-shirt with grid usage: 6.5 kg CO2e • CFP after RE measure: 0.65kg
PROCESSES CONTRIBUTING TO CFP • Starts from sheep breeding and ends in final disposal of the sweater by end user • Sheep breeding • Wool scouring/shearing • Sorting and grading • Dyeing • Spinning • Knitting • All packaging • Transportation to distribution centers and stores • Washing by user • Final disposal
CONSIDERATIONS FOR CFP • Boundary for CFP calculation: Entire production chain • Life Cycle Analysis methodology • CFP was estimated by means of the leading textile company