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Dawning of the age of mahan

Sea Power & Maritime Affairs. Lesson 7. Dawning of the age of mahan. 1890-1898. Admin. Anything you want to include Quizzes Assignments Etc. Last Class. Post American Civil War Revolution in Navy technology. Today. Dawning of Age of Mahan Formalization of education

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Dawning of the age of mahan

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  1. Sea Power & Maritime Affairs Lesson 7 Dawning of the age of mahan 1890-1898

  2. Admin • Anything you want to include • Quizzes • Assignments • Etc

  3. Last Class Post American Civil War • Revolution in Navy technology

  4. Today Dawning of Age of Mahan • Formalization of education • Formalization of Strategy

  5. 8 Key Themes • Navy as an instrument of foreign policy • Interaction between Congress and Navy • Interservicerelations • Technology • Leadership • Strategy & Tactics • Evolution of US Naval Doctrine • Future missions of Navy and USMC

  6. Formalizing and Educating

  7. Naval Institute Press • 1873 • Professional articles on the current and future topics in naval warfare.

  8. Office of Naval Intelligence • 1882 • Mission was to study foreign navies and remain up-to-date on foreign naval strength, strategy and tactics.

  9. Education Navy War College (1884) • Stephen B. Luce • Study sea power • Alfred Thayer Mahan • Strategy & tactics • War Plans

  10. Education The Influence of Sea Power Upon History • 1890 • Studies naval history 1660-1783 • Draws several conclusions about sea power: • Command of the sea determines national prosperity, and big navies determine command of the sea. • Concentrated fleets and concentrated battles win wars. • Controlling lines of communication is paramount Book is an instant success • Required reading Breathes life into US Navy Sparks US naval renaissance.

  11. How do these influence US navy? • Renaissance of US Navy • Ship building, force size, force structure • Formal education in strategy and tactics • Intellectual approach to sea power • Pre-planed strategy • “Plan Black” • “Plan Orange”

  12. ABCD Ships • 1883 • Reason: Diplomatic impotence • USS Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dolphin • First “All-Steel” ships • Boon for steel industry Why do we care? Congress begins authorizing consistent ship construction.

  13. How did tactics change? Tactics more complex but not institutionalized • Battle of Lissa • Spanish-American War • Russo-Japanese War Overall • Less formality (no line) • Distant engagements • Battle Group tactics • Ships • Attacks • Munitions

  14. History Wars, conflicts, and interventions Diplomacy

  15. Major Events? International Conflicts • Russo-Japanese War (1905) US Conflicts • Small international conflicts • Pacific & Caribbean • Spanish-American War (1898)

  16. American foreign Policy? • “Open Door Policy” (1899) • Roosevelt Corollary (1904) • Venezuela, Dominican Republic & Cuba • “Speak softly and carry a big stick” Overall foreign policy • Spirit of Imperialism • Awareness of Navy’s role • Economy • National Strength • Foreign Policy

  17. Colonialism Pre-1900

  18. 1873-1875 Virginius Affair • Cuban Civil War • Virginius was American ship hired by insurrectionists to supply revolution • American & British crew • Spanish capture it • (53) executed for piracy • Enormous international tension • US poised to declare war • Settlement: Reparations for affected families • Sparks Naval Renaissance: we realize there is no weight to our threats

  19. 1887-1889 Samoan Crisis • Samoan Civil War • Germany interfering (colonial ambition) • US and Great Britain opposed Germany • Tense standoff • (3) American v. (3) German warships • Before hostilities, a cyclone wrecked all (6) ships. • Standoff ends • Agreed to partition • American Samoa • German Samoa

  20. 1891 True Blue Saloon Incident • Chilean Revolution • USS Baltimore sent to protect American interests • 2 killed, 18 wounded at bar in Valparaiso • US demands restitution • Chile pays, but US realizes its Navy is weaker than Chile’s Navy.

  21. What do these incidents teach US? • Reinforce “Social Darwinism” • Navy is key to • International diplomacy • National prosperity

  22. Next Class

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