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Earle Williams Session H36:  The Hydroclimatic Basis for Tropical Ecosystem Services

Hydrometeorological , Entomological and Epidemiological Time Markers for Urban Malaria in Niamey, Niger. Earle Williams Session H36:  The Hydroclimatic Basis for Tropical Ecosystem Services American Geophysical Union,  Fall Meeting December 13-17, 2010. Collaborators.

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Earle Williams Session H36:  The Hydroclimatic Basis for Tropical Ecosystem Services

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  1. Hydrometeorological, Entomological and Epidemiological Time Markers for Urban Malaria in Niamey, Niger Earle Williams Session H36:  The Hydroclimatic Basis for Tropical Ecosystem Services American Geophysical Union,  Fall Meeting December 13-17, 2010

  2. Collaborators CERMES (Niamey, Niger) Thierry Fandeur and RabiouLabbo Institut Pasteur (Paris, France) Jean-Bernard Duchemin Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (Guadeloupe, France) Nathalie Nathou AGRYMET (Niamey, Niger) Abdou Ali and Adamou Mahamadou DMN (Niamey, Niger) OusmaneAllahiDaoura and GaptiaLawanKatiellou PNLP (Niamey, Niger) Salissou Adamou and AbamiMaazou SPIS (Niamey, Niger) MoussaBarké Great Basin Unified Air Pollution Control District (Bishop, CA) Brian Russell

  3. The Nature of Malaria Development in Niamey, Niger Working Hypothesis: • Hydrometeorological aspect:  The onset of sustained standing water is abrupt and synchronous • Entomological aspect:  The onset of the mosquito population is abrupt and synchronous • Epidemiological aspect:  The onset of malaria cases is abrupt and synchronous

  4. Time Line for Malaria Development

  5. Map of Niamey, Niger Showing Locations of Public Clinics

  6. Abrupt and Synchronous Increase in Malaria Cases tMalaria

  7. Evolution of Standing Water in One Niamey Street tWater

  8. Standing Water in Niamey, Niger(Rue Dallols)

  9. Climatology of Surface Relative Humidity Over Oceans 80% is a common value from Peixoto and Oort (1996) At night, a land surface with standing water behaves like the ocean

  10. Daily Maximum Relative Humidity For 2004-2009 (Agrhymet Station, Niamey)

  11. Daily Max and Min Relative Humidity For 2005 (Agrhymet Station, Niamey) tWater

  12. Time Markers (tWater, tMalaria) for Seven Seasons Year 80% RH 80% RH District I District II District III Difference (days) (DMN) (AGRHYMET) tMalaria- tWater 2004 July 7 June 30 Aug 8 Aug 8 Aug 8 32, 39 2005 June 30 June25 Jul 24 Jul 24 Jul 24 25, 29 2006 July 15 July 9 Aug 6 Aug 6 Aug 6 21, 28 2007 July 22 July 22 Aug 21 Aug 21 Aug 21 28, 28 2008 June 25 June 25 Jul 27 Jul 27 Jul 20 25, 32 2009 July 27 July 27 Aug 15 Aug 15 Aug 15 20, 34 2010 July 28 July 30 Boukoki clinic max cases onSept 2 36, 34

  13. Abrupt and Synchronous Increases in Mosquito Counts Light Trap Measurements

  14. Evolution of Hydrometeorology and Mosquitoes   2010 Wet Season tMosquito tMalaria tWater

  15. Value of Time Markers

  16. Conclusion • Consistent time markers have been identified in the development of urban malaria in Niamey, Niger • Greater integration of expertise in hydrometeorology, entomology and epidemiology are needed to combat this disease

  17. Annual Deaths Due to Malaria Versus Annual Rainfall Total in Niamey, Niger

  18. Standing Water in Niamey, Niger

  19. Standing Water in Niamey, Niger

  20. Abrupt and Synchronous Increase in Malaria Cases

  21. Evidence for Abrupt Increases in Mosquito Populations

  22. Flooding in TaladjeQuartier Due to a Blocked Drain

  23. Aircraft Surveillance of BoukokiGouro

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