RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURAL INDIA : POWER GENERATION AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

1. RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR RURAL INDIA : POWER GENERATION AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

2. PREVIEW • Benefits of Rural Electrification. • Why Renewable Energy? • Hybrid Power Plant off grid Solutions for Rural India. • Finance • Employment Generation

3. A Day in The Life of a Woman in Rural India INTRODUCTION

5. DEFINITION OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION • The basic infrastructure within the revenue boundary of the village. • Any of the public places avail power supply on demand. • The ratings of distribution transformer and LT lines decided in consultation with the Panchayat/ZilaParishad/District Administration. • The number of household electrified should be minimum 10% for villages which are unelectrified, before the village is declared electrified. The revision of definition would be prospective.

6. India's Installed Power Capacity -2013(Mega Watts)

7. Benefits of Rural Electrification

8. Economic ImpactElectricity generates enterprise and enterprise fuels the demand for electricity

10. Buzz word of this decade GO GREEN Awake……Awake…..

11. TOP RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WIND ENERGY TIDAL ENERGY SEA WAVE ENERGY SOLAR ENERGY

12. TOP RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BIO MASS ENERGY GEO THERMAL ENERGY HYDRO ENERGY

13. Environment friendly Reduction in Green House gas as compare to 1 MW of a Coal Power Plant vis a vis 1 MW of Wind Energy Plant per annum 1338 tons of Carbon-di-oxide 17 tons of Sulphur Oxide 4 tons of Nitrogen Oxide 966 tons of Ash Potential to get approx. 7000 CERs per MW Green Power

14. Renewable Energy Deployment Source: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

15. Potential and Installed Capacity- RES In MW

16. Contribution of Various RES in 2013

17. Small Hydro Power

18. Small Hydro Power in India

19. Solar Energy

20. Global solar radiation over India

21. Bio Mass

22. Bio Mass

23. Advantage/Disadvantage

24. BIOMASS LOGISTICS • Operations necessary to move biomass feedstocks to the energy plant and to ensure that the delivered feedstock meets the specifications of the conversion process. • Generally the biomass is trucked directly from farm to biorefinery. • Aim to minimise number of passes; reduce moisture content and increase the bulk density of biomass.

25. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

26. Wind Energy

27. India’s Success Story in Wind: 5th Biggest in World Drivers for Growth Rising Power Demand New Policy Initiatives Participation of Industry Apr 2013 20000 MW April 201217300 MW 2005 4388 MW 2000 Growth of wind energy in India 1170 MW 1995 Ref: MNRE data 470 MW

28. Wind Zones in India

29. Missing Link – Renewable Energy

30. HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS • Why Hybrid? • The sun shines in the day. • The wind is ever changing and never constant. • Bio mass cannot function in very cold weather. • MHP will have more water seasonally.

31. Purpose In order to stabilize the power source, Wind and Solarenergy which depend on weather conditions Biomass energy which can be stored and its input regulated Triple hybrid renewable energy generation system Triple hybrid renewable energy generation system Triple hybrid renewable energy generation system

32. HYBRID POWER PLANT SOLUTIONS • Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) popular for remote area power generation applications. • Consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together. • Increased system efficiency. • Greater balance in energy supply. • Grid connecting India is a very costly proposition at present. Hence need for offline/decentralised grids.

33. SOLUTION FOR A 1000 HOUSE HOLD SMALL VILLAGE OFF GRID • Average energy reqmt of 1000 units per year per family. A total of 1 million units a year. • Can be met by a 600 KW Wind Turbine in a wind zone. • Can be met by a 1 MW Solar Plant in most of India. • Ideally needs to be met by a hybrid renewable energy plant.

34. SOLUTION FOR A 1000 HOUSE HOLD SMALL VILLAGE OFF GRID • Suggested solution incl the offline grid:- • A 200 KW Wind Turbine costing Approx Rs 1 Cr. Generating about 0.4 million units. • A 200 KW Solar Plant costing approx Rs 1.2 Cr. Generating about 0.3 million units. • A 200 KW biogas plant generating approx Rs 0.8 Cr to meet the balance requirement. • Total Cost of Rs 3 Crs approx about Rs 30 Thousand per household.

35. SOLUTION FOR A 1000 HOUSE HOLD SMALL VILLAGE OFF GRID • In addition each house hold to be given a mix of solar lanterns, solar stoves and dryers as required. • Initial investment to be met by Govt through Private Industry using a mix of subsidy, tax depreciations and generation based incentives. • Charging at Rs 4 per unit would recover about Rs 40 lacs per year from the village. Thus the break even of the project would be 7 to 8 years.

36. EMPLOYMENT GENERATION • Employment generation occurs while constructing the grid, installing the wind/solar farm, O&M of the plant. • Employment occurs due the logistics of procuring biomass. • The biggest employment generation takes places due to freeing women from drudgery and starting of home businesses. • The force multiplier is enhanced education permeating through villages.

37. EMPLOYMENT GENERATION • According to Greenpeace, Global Wind Energy Council and European Renewable Energy Council'sjoint 2012 report, approximately 2.4 million jobs can be created in India in 2020 from growth in the renewables market. Importantly, this report points out that renewable energy has the potential to significantly grow the labor market, as clean technologies are generally more labor-intensiveand will consequently create more domestic jobs as the market grows.

38. EMPLOYMENT GENERATION • MNRE 2010 human resources report projects renewables employment to increase nine-fold to reach 20 million jobs by 2030, with biomass leading the growth at 59% of total capacity, followed by solar PV at 31%.

39. EMPLOYMENT GENERATION: HSBC REPORT • India’s Green Energy market will create 10.5 million green jobs. • Expected to treble to INR 351,000 crore (USD 77 billion) in the next ten years. • India fifth in the world in exploitation of wind. • Bold low carbon policies needed . • Advantage of Low cost labor and a highly skilled manufacturing base. • The rate of increase of India’s private investment in clean energy will be 736% over the next ten years - three times that of US or China.

40. National Level Economics for a Rural Offline Power Deficiency Removal • Today about 7.8 crore house holds need to be powered. • @ 30 thousand per household this translates into an investment of approx Rs 2.4 lac crores. • This is approximately about 3 percent of India’s GDP. • Over the last 20 years to provide 20 GW of Wind Power pvt industry has invested Rs 1.2 lac crores. “So the money is available”. Govt policies however placed impediments in 2012.

41. National Level Economics for a Rural Offline Power Deficiency Removal • Pvt Industry has the funds to invest. • What they need is a steady IRR. • This can be met through tax depreciations and GBI. • It also needs security of its investments in rural India. • Unless land issues are depoliticized infrastructural growth in India will crawl.

42. STANDALONE MINIGRIDS : ADVANTAGES • Can reach remote areas. • More cost effective than large distance grids. • Less distribution losses. • Can hook on national grid once extended. • Involves community integration and participation.

43. Who shall finance the mini grids ? • Govt Subsidies. • International development and Finance Organisations. • Social Entrepreneurs. • Electrical companies trying to expand business. • Carbon credit finance.

46. CONCLUSION