Warriner’s 6 th Course Unit 1

1. Warriner’s6th Course Unit 1 Parts of Speech And your Awesome Marian Central English Teacher

2. Verbs Pronouns Prepositions Eight Parts of Speech Nouns Interjections Adjectives Adverbs Conjunctions

3. Word that names Noun : • A Person • A Place • A Thing • An Idea

4. Kinds of Nouns

5. Concrete vs Abstract Nouns Concrete Noun – can be perceived by one or more of the senses Horse Abstract Noun – names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic Courage

6. Common vs Proper Nouns Common Noun – names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas. painter Proper Noun – names a particular person, place, thing, or idea Van Gogh

7. Collective Nouns & Compound Nouns Collective Nouns – names a group team bouquet sidewalk Compound Nouns– consists of two or more words that together name a person, place, thing, or idea Telephone pole

8. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Identify the nouns in the following sentences. Then, classify each as common or proper and as concrete or abstract. EXAMPLE: In his report on the importance of religion in ancient Egypt, Joaquin wrote about the Great Sphinx and the Great Pyramid of Giza. ANSWER: report – common/concrete ; importance – common/abstract ; religion – common/abstract ; Egypt – proper/concrete ; Joaquin – proper/concrete ; Great Sphinx – proper/concrete ; Great Pyramid of Giza – proper/concrete My goal is to visit every state in the United States. Her excellent record was treasurer convinced a majority of the students to vote for her for president. The crowd roared as Chip sank the winning basket for the Falcons just before time ran out.

9. The Pronoun The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someone, one, etc. Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those Personal Pronouns I, me, mine you, your, yours she, her, hers, it, its we,us, our, ours they, them, their, theirs myself yourself Interrogative Pronouns who whom what which whose

10. The Pronoun Personal Pronouns I, me, mine you, your, yours she, her, hers, it, its we,us, our, ours they, them, their, theirs myself yourself

11. The Pronoun Reflexive Intensive VS REFLEXIVE: Mary wrote a note to herself. INTENSIVE: Mary herself organized the school’s recycling program. HOW TO CHECK: simply remove the pronoun! If the meaning of the sentence changes, the pronoun is reflexive. If the meaning of the sentence stays the same, the pronoun is intensive. Try it with the two sentence examples above. Remove the italicized pronoun and read them out loud.

12. The Pronoun Relative That Which Who Whom Whose EXAMPLES: The house that you saw is a historical marker. She is the woman who is running for mayor. A RELATIVE PRONOUN introduces an adjective clause (or put simply – a group of words that further clarify a noun used in the sentence.)

13. The Pronoun FINAL THOUGHT on pronouns – pronouns always replace or refer to something else. Always be aware of what it is replacing!

14. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Identify the pronouns in the following sentences. EXAMPLE: Most of those who took the photography class learned a great deal about how they perceive their environment. ANSWER: Most, those, who, they, their The course that I took dealt with all the ways in which people perceive their environment. Which of you, on returning home from a trip, hasn’t noticed how different all of the rooms look to you? We can train ourselves to perceive the objects as shapes instead of thinking about their functions.

15. The Adjective Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Answers these questions: Did you lose your address book? Which? Is that a woolsweater? What kind? Just give me fiveminutes. How many?

16. Articles – a type of ADJECTIVE INDEFINITE ARTICLES: a, an Refer to any member of a general group. DEFINITE ARTCILE: the Refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea

17. Adjective? Noun? Pronoun? A word can be used as one part of speech in one context and as a different part of speech in another context Which museum did you visit? Which modifies the noun museum…so it is an adjective in this sentence. Which did you visit? Which takes the place of the noun museum…so it is a pronoun in this sentence. I caught a huge tuna the last time I went deep sea fishing. Tuna is a noun in this sentence. I can’t wait to have a tuna sandwich! Tuna modifies the noun sandwich…so it is an adjective in this sentence.

18. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Identify the adjectives and the words they modify in each of the following sentences. EXAMPLE: I have read two fascinating books by the talented writer William Least Heat-Moon. ANSWER: two – books ; fascinating – books ; talented - writer In many ways, though, Kansas is a microcosm of America. In this masterful prose, Chase County in turn reveals itself to be a microcosm of Kansas.

19. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Tell whether each italicized word in the following sentences is used as a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective. If the word is used as an adjective, give the word it modifies. EXAMPLE: Most people do not realize the tremendous number of books the library has available for them. ANSWER: Most – adjective – people; tremendous – adjective – number; them - pronoun After much thought, I have finally narrowed down my choices to two African American women whom I admire. The fieldwork that Katherine Dunham did as an anthropology student in the West Indies inspired her to incorporate elements of African and Caribbean folk culture into modern dance.

20. The Verb A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement Action “be” verbs & taste feel sound look appear become seem grow remain stay Subject Linking predicate

21. Every sentence must have VERB a

22. Kinds of Verbs • Action verbs express mental or physical action. • Linking verbs (also called Auxillary verbs) make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it. He rode the horse to victory. He has been sick.

23. How to tell if it’s a LINKING VERB • Try substituting a form of the verb be. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is probably a LINKING VERB The milk smelled sour. I smelled the milk to see whether it was fresh. The milk was sour. The verb was can sensibly replace the word smelled. “Smelled” in this sentence, is a linking verb. I was the milk to see whether it was fresh. The verb cannot replace the word smelled. “Smelled, ” in this sentence, is an action verb.

24. Modal / Modal Auxillary • A MODAL, or MODAL AUXILLARY, is a helping verb that is joined with a main verb to express an attitude such as necessity or possibility. We must win this game to reach the playoffs. (shows necessity) Coach Brucker said that if we work hard enough this year, we may have a real shot at going to state. (shows possibility)

25. Object vs Subject Complement • Once you have determined between a linking verb and an action verb, now you can identify this step The milk smelledsour. The milk wassour. I smelled the milk to see whether it was fresh. “Sour” is now identified as a SUBJECT COMPLEMENT because the linking verb “smelled” links the description to the subject. Just think of the linking verb as an “=“ sign. “milk” is an OBJECT because it is receiving the action. . THE TAKE-AWAY? If there’s a LINKING VERB – look for a SUBJECT COMPLEMENT If there’s an ACTION VERB – look for an OBJECT receiving that action.

26. TRANSITIVE vs INTRANSITIVE VERBS • A TRANSITIVE verb has an object – a word that tells who or what receives the action Mr. Smith explained the problem carefully. . Mr. Smith explained carefully. The object problem receives the action of explained. Explained is a transitive verb. There is no object receiving the verb explained so it is now an intransitive verb.

27. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Identify the verbs and verb phrases in the following sentences. Then classify each verb or verb phrase as linking or action, and as transitive or intransitive. EXAMPLE: I have never visited the Statue of Liberty. ANSWER: have visited – action, transitive The Statue of Liberty which has become a major American landmark, may be the most famous structure in the world. It possesses a twofold appeal: It symbolizes human liberty, and it unfailingly awes the visitor by its colossal size.

28. The Adverb Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Answers the questions: How? He ran quickly. When? She left yesterday. We went there. Where? It was too hot! To what degree or how much?

29. Kinds of Adverbs Interrogative Adverbs introduce questions How did you break your leg? How? When does your plane leave? When? How often do you run? How often? Where? Where did you put the mouse trap?

30. Nouns as ADVERBS…yet another reason grammar gets a bad rap Yes…sometimes a perfectly good noun DISGUISES itself as an ADVERB…watch carefully… My parents will return home Saturday. The noun HOME is used as an adverb telling WHERE The noun SATURDAY is used as an adverb telling WHEN Yes. Yes, I know…but remember the “it depends how it’s used” slide from a little while ago?

31. Homework Questions (write these sentences in your notebook) Identify the adverbs and the words they modify in the following sentences. EXAMPLE: I recently read an article about the American physicist Rosalyn Yalow. ANSWER: recently – read Yalow helped develop an extremely sensitive biological technique. She believes that progress cannot be impeded forever and that good ideas are eventually accepted.

32. The Preposition A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is itsobject. They received a postcard from Bobby telling about his tripto Canada.

33. The prepositionnever stands alone! noun object of preposition preposition pronoun object You can press those leaves underglass. preposition can have more than one object Her telegram toNina and Ralph brought good news. object can have modifiers It happened during the last examination.

34. Some Common Prepositions behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for from in into like of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without aboard about above across after against along among around at before

35. Nouns found in Prepositional Phrases can NEVER be the SUBJECT of that sentence! noun object of preposition preposition pronoun object You can press those leaves underglass. preposition “glass” cannot be the subject of the sentence! Her telegram toNina and Ralph brought good news. Neither Nina nor Ralph are subjects! It happened during the last examination.

36. The conjunction A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words. or and neither/nor either/or but

37. The interjection is an exclamatory word that expresses emotion Goodness! What an ugly baby! Wow! Look at that sunset! It looks like a giant EGG!

38. That’s all for now. . . Please have your 14 questions written neatly on a removable sheet of paper, ready to turn in on its designated due date! And your Awesome Marian Central English Teacher