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11/27/2012

11/27/2012. Take a lime green slip, a notes sheet, and a picture sheet from the front table. Glue/tape/staple them into your journals according to the following instructions: The lime green slip must be first before the notes and the picture.

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11/27/2012

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  1. 11/27/2012 Take a lime green slip, a notes sheet, and a picture sheet from the front table. Glue/tape/staple them into your journals according to the following instructions: The lime green slip must be first before the notes and the picture. The notes and the picture should be placed on pages that face each other.

  2. Protein Synthesis

  3. DNA vs.RNA • Single stranded • Ribose • A, G, C, U • Double-stranded • Deoxyribose • A,G, C, T

  4. DNA vs.RNA

  5. Nucleus The office The Boss never leaves

  6. DNA – The Boss

  7. mRNA – Ms. ReneSecretary She’s a foreigner

  8. Protein Synthesis • Protein synthesis is the making of proteins, using the information that is found in DNA. • Proteins are long chains of small molecules called amino acids. Different proteins are made by using a different sequence of amino acids. • Pieces of information in DNA are called genes. gene

  9. Transcription: meanswrite across • Protein synthesis begins with the DNA molecule. The DNA of this gene will unzip like it does in replication. *The enzyme that separates the DNA strand at a specific gene is helicase. • In protein synthesis, only one strand of the DNA will be used.

  10. Transcription: means write across • A single strand of mRNA forms and transcribes (copies) the genetic information from the DNA. This strand of RNA is called messenger RNA or mRNA. *The enzyme that connects and assembles the ribonucleotides is called RNA polymerase • The DNA “zips” closed and remains in the nucleus . • The mRNA will leave the nucleus and travel to a ribosome.

  11. FYI FYI FYI FYI RNA which stands for RIBONUCLEIC ACID is single stranded, contains a ribosesugar, and has Uracil instead of Thymine.

  12. Comparing RNA and DNA Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

  13. 3’ A A A U U U T T T U T T U T T T T A A A A A A A A A A G G G C C C C C C C C C T T T G G G G G G G G G C C 5’ Touch the helicase! DNA Helicase 3’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’

  14. 3’ A A A U U U T T T U T T U T T T T A A A A A A A A A A G G G C C C C C C C C C T T T G G G G G G G G G C C 5’ Assemble your mRNA strand!! 3’ 5’ 5’ 5’ Hit Me when done! 3’ 3’

  15. RNA polymerase 3’ A A A T U U U U T T T U T T T T U U U T A A A A A A A A A A A A A G G G C C C C C C C C C C C C T T T G G G G G G G G G G G C C 5’ 3’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’

  16. 3’ 3’ 5’ A A A T U T U T U A A A A A A G G G C C C C C C T T T G G G G C C 5’ 5’ 5’ 3’ 3’

  17. Protein Synthesis- Part 1 Transcription From HHMI’s Biointeractive: DNA Animations/Transcription (basic) http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna/DNAi_transcription_vo1.html

  18. 11/28/2012 Take out your notes from yesterday. On the green slip of paper, fill in the mRNA row using the original DNA strand. Remember: Ms. Rene cannot write “T”

  19. Quick Review!

  20. Where does TRNASCRIPTION take place?

  21. Nucleus The office The Boss never leaves

  22. Where do we get the information to make different types of proteins?

  23. DNA – The Boss

  24. Who delivers the message to the workers?

  25. mRNA – Ms. ReneSecretary She’s a foreigner

  26. Quick Quiz ? ? • What is the name of the enzyme that unwinds DNA? • What is the process where a secret message goes ACROSS the nuclear membrane? • What carries the sequence from the DNA out of the nucleus? • How many strands are copied on the original DNA molecule? • What happens to the DNA once the messenger detaches? ? ? ?

  27. rRNA – Bobettethe Ribosome She builds proteins one amino acid at a time

  28. tRNA – Terrythe Delivery Boy Terry brings Bobette whatever she needs

  29. Translation • The mRNA contains information in sets of three and each set of three codes for a specific amino acid. Each set of three is called a CODON. • The mRNA molecule will attach to the ribosome found in the cell. Ribosomes are also made up of RNA. Ribosomal RNA is called rRNA. Where in the cell are ribosomes (rRNA) made?

  30. Translation • A molecule of transfer RNA or tRNA will carry in the proper amino acid. If the tRNAANTICODON matches with the codon sequence, the tRNA will attach temporarily to the mRNA strand.

  31. Translation • After a 2nd tRNA molecule matches an mRNA codon, an amino acid will be deposited. tRNAs will continue to deposit amino acids when codons and anti-codons match. The bond created between 2 amino acids is called a peptide bond. • The chain of amino acids is called a polypeptideor a protein

  32. Serine Valine Leucine 5’ 3’ A A A A U U U Arginine A A A G G G C C C U U U G G C C 5’ Ribosome 3’ 3’

  33. Serine Valine Leucine 5’ 3’ A A A A U U U Arginine A A A G G G C C C U U U G G C C 5’ Ribosome 3’ 3’

  34. Serine Valine Leucine 5’ 3’ A A A A U U U Arginine A A A G G G C C C U U U G G C C 5’ Ribosome 3’ 3’

  35. Serine Valine Leucine 5’ 3’ A A A A U U U A A A G G G C C C U U U G G C C 5’ Peptide bond Ribosome Arginine 3’ 3’

  36. Valine Leucine 5’ 3’ A A A A U U U A A A G G G C C C U G G C 5’ Peptide bond Ribosome Arginine Serine 3’ 3’

  37. Leucine 5’ 3’ A A A U U U A A A G C C C U G G C 5’ Peptide bond Ribosome Arginine Serine Valine 3’ 3’

  38. 5’ 3’ Leucine A A U U U A A A G C C C G G 5’ Protein Polypeptide R A S V L G S AA V Ribosome Arginine Serine Valine U 3’ 3’

  39. Quick Quiz ? ? • What is the process where the mRNA drops off the message to the ribosome? • What are the 3 types of RNA? • A sequence of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA strand that codes for a specific amino acid is called a what? • What is the name of the bond that is formed between two amino acids? • How do amino acids get into the body in the first place? ? ? ?

  40. DNA unwinds and unzips. Free RNA nucleotides attach to exposed bases. Bases combine to form mRNA strand. DNA reassembles. mRNA leaves the nucleus. The mRNA arrives at the ribosome. When the codon of the mRNA complements the anti-codon of the tRNA molecule, the tRNA places the amino acid attached in the position. tRNAs continue to deposit amino acids when codons and anticodons match. One by one amino acids are added to the growing chain until the ribosome has reached the STOP codon. Once the protein has been synthesized completely, it is removed from the ribosome for further processing and to perform its function. Proteins like insulin and lactase exit to the Golgi bodies to be packaged and shipped out of the cell.

  41. Protein Synthesis- Part 2Translation From HHMI’s Biointeractive: DNA Animations/Translation (basic) http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna/DNAi_translation_vo1.html

  42. 11/29/2012 Please take the 2 worksheets from the front table, take out your transcription & translation worksheet from yesterday, and your protein synthesis notes.

  43. Draw the flow chart in your journal, then fill it in using the following words: Amino acids, mRNA, mRNA codon, nucleus, nuclear pore, peptide bonds, ribosome, transcription, translation

  44. DNA Transcription mRNA CAC UUG AGC AUA AAG GCU AAA GAG UGA Translation Ribosome UAU AAC CUC UCG GUG CGA UUU ACU UUC AUA CAC AAA GAG UUG AAG GCU UGA AGC

  45. A-T C-G T-A A-U C-G

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