ANDS, Infrastructure Development & Corruption in Afghanistan

1. ANDS, Infrastructure Development & Corruption in Afghanistan Hamdard Hamdullah (MEP13211) Infrastructure Development Advisor, Ministry of Finance, The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Date: 18 July 2014

2. Afghanistan Development FrameworkSocio-Economic Development in the Short, Medium and Long term 2005-2020 15 Years Millennium Development Goals 2008-2013 5 Years National Development Strategy Afghanistan Compact 2006-2010 5 Years 2006-2010 3 Years Medium Term Fiscal Framework 1387 Budget Annual 1 Year By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

3. Importance of the ANDS • Donors will not channel their funds through the Government’s core budget if there is no prioritized strategic plan or implementation arrangement. • This means that the Government doesn’t have access to donor funded programs/projects and has no control over them. • Importantly, the bilateral implementation of projects without consultation or approval from Government ministries/agencies has meant that a number of the programs/projects have been conducted repeatedly and inefficiently in different parts of the country which is a waste of time and resources. • Many development priorities have to date been defined by donors and not by the Government of Afghanistan. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

4. Importance of the ANDS … • In the absence of sectorial strategies, national programs and implementation arrangements, the Government has not been able to ensure that donor countries align their funding with the Government’s plans to increase effectiveness and efficiency. • The Government has been continually criticized by the international and donor community of corruption, low capacity and not having a National Strategy in which priorities are identified, programs/projects defined, implementing agencies introduced and sources for implementation identified. • This absence of a clear policy, vision and plan has created problems for the three branches of the Government; the judicial, constitutional and executive branches. Balance and coordination among the three branches depends on a national plan to provide specific guidance for all branches. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

5. Our Vision for Afghanistan’s Future By the solar year 1400 (2020), Afghanistan will be: • A stable Islamic constitutional democracy at peace with itself and its neighbors, standing with full dignity in the international family. • A tolerant, united, and pluralist nation that honors its Islamic heritage and deep aspirations toward participation, justice, and equal rights for all. • A society of hope and prosperity based on a strong, private sector-led market economy, social equity, and environmental sustainability. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

6. Afghanistan National Development Strategy The ANDS is a Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)-based plan that serves as Afghanistan’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It is underpinned by the principles, pillars and benchmarks of the Afghanistan Compact. ANDS By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

7. ANDS Institutional Structure By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

8. Who were involved in the development process of the ANDS? • The Government of Afghanistan: The president, cabinet, ministries, independent departments and commissions, municipalities, governors, provincial development committees, provincial departments of line ministries, district councils, embassies of Afghanistan in the other countries. • The Government of Afghanistan: National Assembly (Upper and Lower Houses), provincial councils, elected councils at the district and village level. • Civil society: local development councils, unions, organizations, political parties, NGOs, associations and private sector. • Academics:universities, scientific and professional organizations and councils, science academy • The International Community: United Nations, Embassies, Donors, NGOs, international private sectors, PRTs • And also: minorities, Kuchis (nomads), disabled and war victims, Afghan residents and refugees outside of the country, national and international media By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

9. ANDS Participatory Process 17 Sector Strategies 39 Ministry/Agency Strategies 34 Provincial Development Plans (PDPs) 345 District Development Plans (DDPs) 17500 Community Development Plans (CDPs) By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

10. More than 17000 afghans (46% women) participated in the Sub National Consultation process Public Awareness Campaign in 27 provinces during 2006 First Pilot Round of Sub National Consultations, March 2007 Second Round of Sub National Consultations, jun-Sep 2007 By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211 Third Round of Sub National Consultations, Feb 2008

11. Role of the National Assembly in the Development Process of the ANDS • Active participation of both male and female parliamentarians in the sub national consultation process of the ANDS • Significant contribution in the consultative meetings on provincial development plans • Significant involvement in the meetings on integrating the PDP priorities in the ministries strategies. • Contribution and participation of NA members on the national budget 1387 which were based on the ANDS By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

12. Clusters for Achieving ANDS Results Overview Structural Composition • Clusters designed to enable strong leadership that facilitates ministries to deliver concrete results over the next 18-24 months • Clusters prioritize ANDS around key criteria - jobs and service delivery -- through bankable programs • Donors support government priorities at 80% of their budgets, improving coordination • Ministerial Clusters will operate at strategic (decision making) level • Cluster Working Level will include Deputy Ministers, Director Generals and STAs • Cluster Secretariat will be staffed by MoF/ANDS • Cluster Coordinating Committee will provide oversight and integration role Planning Process for Kabul • March: Clusters define goals, strategy and key interventions against the stated criteria: • Ability to deliver jobs, directly and indirectly • Nationwide coverage • Builds on existing interventions • Ability to attract more investment • April: Analyze bankable programs to determine: • Top up or scale-out of existing programs • Re-design of programs to meet criteria • Scale-down of poor performing or non- aligned programs • Outline of new programs to fill gaps May: Integrate plans, receive Cabinet and JCMB endorsement and deliver at Kabul Conference

13. Cluster Planning Process Validate Strategy & Interventions Send Plan to Cabinet for Endorsement Cluster Coordinators & Ministers Bankable Program Decision Meetings Validate Cluster Objectives & Goals Endorse Integrated Cluster Plan Review Strategy & Interventions Ministry Working Level Staff Review Cluster Plan Review Cluster Objectives & Goals Review of Bankable Program Analysis Prepare Ministry & Sector Analysis Prepare Strategy & Interventions docs Cluster Secretariat Prepare Integrated Cluster Plan Prepare Materials Prepare Bankable Program Analysis Donor Meetings Present Bankable Programs & Outline Cluster Plan Explanation of Cluster process Present Cluster Vision, Strategy, Interventions JCMB Review & Endorse at Kabul Conference

14. Has currently committed funds Funds cans be re-committed or re-allocated YES YES Bankable Program Decision Tree 3 4 NO NO NO (or Not Needed) (or Not Needed) YES NO Terminate Program Re-Allocate Fundsto Qualified Program Considered Viable Program NO NO Re-Design Program to Meet Criteria 2 NO NO Continue Program Allocate MoreResources Meets Cluster Criteria Program can be re-designed Considered Viable Program YES PARTLY YES 2 3 1 Considered Viable Program Can Scale Up in Volume Can Scale Out Regionally YES YES YES YES 2 3 4 By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

15. Government of Afghanistan Structure for ANDS Clusters Coordination President & Cabinet Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board Cluster Coordination Committee (CCC) (Chair Min. Zakhilwal) Cluster Coordinators Policy Directorate DM for Policy Office Support Strategic Implementation Directorate CCC Secretariat (Director - DM Policy) Civilian Technical Assistance Directorate Operations Directorate Agriculture & Rural Development Cluster [ ] Human Resource Development Cluster [ ] Infrastructure and Economic Development Cluster [ ] Cluster Secretariat (2-4 ppl) Cluster Ministers (plus 1 DM & 1 TA per ministry) Cluster Secretariat (2-4 ppl) Cluster Ministers (plus 1 DM & 1 TA per ministry) Cluster Secretariat (2-4 ppl) Cluster Ministers (plus 1 DM & 1 TA per ministry) By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

16. Core Cluster Participation Cluster 1 (Coordinator) Cluster 1 Ministers (plus 1 DM & 1 TA per ministry) Cluster 1 Secretariat (2-4 ppl) • Cluster Coordinator • Minister 1 • Minister 2 • Minister 3 • Minister 4 • Ministerial participation • Strategic guidance • Oversight of process • Endorsement of results • Ministry Support • Ministry 1 Deputy Minister • Ministry 1 Senior Advisor • Ministry 2 Deputy Minister • Ministry 2 Senior Advisor • Knowledge of Ministry • Programs and projects • Technical planning skills • Reach-in to Ministry • Preparation of Ministry plans within the Cluster • Secretariat • Cluster Manager • Senior Technical Advisor • Drafter / Organizer • Facilitation of planning • Background analysis • Objective technical support • Preparation of drafts • Deconflict and synch plans with other Clusters By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

17. Infrastructure Development There are four National Priority Programs in Infrastructure Development Cluster • NRRCP(Airports, Civil Aviation, Roads, Railway) • NEIEP(Mining and Extractive Industries) • NESP(HPPs, Renewable energy, Transmission Lines, Power generation and electricity import) • UMSP (urban development projects, construction of towns, urban roads, and canalizations) By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

18. Classification of External Assistance by ANDS Sectors (2011) By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

19. Clusters Priorities & Objectives (Proposed)

20. Overall Financing Envelope for the ANDS 1387-1391 (2008‑2013) By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

21. Corruption & InfrastructureFactors facilitating corruption in infrastructure, by Level By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

22. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

23. Corruption vulnerabilities project cycle By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

24. Vulnerabilities to Corruption in Afghanistan’s Road Construction Sector By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

25. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211