Biology Enzymes and Metabolism Test Review

1. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Preview Multiple Choice Short Answer Extended Response

2. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 1. Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? • A. Enzymes can be biological catalysts. • B. Enzymes increase the speed of a chemical • reaction. • C. Enzymes are highly specific. • D. All of the above

3. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 1. Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? • A. Enzymes can be biological catalysts. • B. Enzymes increase the speed of a chemical • reaction. • C. Enzymes are highly specific. • D. All of the above

4. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 2. Which of the following statements about denaturing is true? • A. Denaturing occurs when a protein unfolds. • B. Denaturing occurs when a carbohydrate is heated. • C. Denaturing does not affect the tertiary structure of • an enzyme. • D. Denaturing increases the rate of a chemical • reaction.

5. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 2. Which of the following statements about denaturing is true? • A. Denaturing occurs when a protein unfolds. • B. Denaturing occurs when a carbohydrate is heated. • C. Denaturing does not affect the tertiary structure of • an enzyme. • D. Denaturing increases the rate of a chemical • reaction.

6. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 3. The process in which molecules in a cell break down to produce smaller molecules and energy is called • A. glycogenesis. • B. biosynthesis. • C. catabolism. • D. metabolism.

7. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 3. The process in which molecules in a cell break down to produce smaller molecules and energy is called • A. glycogenesis. • B. biosynthesis. • C. catabolism. • D. metabolism.

8. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 4. Which of the following is partially digested by saliva in the mouth? • A. glucose • B. starch • C. fat • D. protein

9. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 4. Which of the following is partially digested by saliva in the mouth? • A. glucose • B. starch • C. fat • D. protein

10. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 5. In the human body, the storage form of • A. glucose is maltose. • B. triglycerides is protein. • C. carbohydrates is glycogen. • D. nucleic acids is amino acids.

11. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 5. In the human body, the storage form of • A. glucose is maltose. • B. triglycerides is protein. • C. carbohydrates is glycogen. • D. nucleic acids is amino acids.

12. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 6. The purpose of insulin is to • A. regulate glucose levels in the body. • B. catalyze the oxidation of fatty acids. • C. stimulate RNA production. • D. initiate DNA replication.

13. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 6. The purpose of insulin is to • A. regulate glucose levels in the body. • B. catalyze the oxidation of fatty acids. • C. stimulate RNA production. • D. initiate DNA replication.

14. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 7. Which of the following statements about fats is true? • A. Fats serve as a reserve supply of energy. • B. Fats are stored in the adipose tissue. • C. Fats act as insulators. • D. All of the above

15. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 7. Which of the following statements about fats is true? • A. Fats serve as a reserve supply of energy. • B. Fats are stored in the adipose tissue. • C. Fats act as insulators. • D. All of the above

16. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 8. When carbohydrates are unavailable or unable to provide the energy needs of the body, • A. glucose is converted to glycogen. • B. proteins or fats are used for energy. • C. amino acids form proteins. • D. All of the above

17. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 8. When carbohydrates are unavailable or unable to provide the energy needs of the body, • A. glucose is converted to glycogen. • B. proteins or fats are used for energy. • C. amino acids form proteins. • D. All of the above

18. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 9. Which of the following statements is true? • A. RNA contains the base uracil rather than thymine, • which occurs in DNA. • B. Both RNA and DNA are double-stranded helixes. • C. The ribose sugar unit is in the backbone of DNA. • D. None of the above

19. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Multiple Choice • 9. Which of the following statements is true? • A. RNA contains the base uracil rather than thymine, • which occurs in DNA. • B. Both RNA and DNA are double-stranded helixes. • C. The ribose sugar unit is in the backbone of DNA. • D. None of the above

20. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Short Answer • 10. Draw a simple dipeptide, and label the functional • groups and peptide linkage.

21. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Short Answer • 10. Draw a simple dipeptide, and label the functional • groups and peptide linkage. • Answer:Answers will vary. The —NH2 amino group and a —COOH carboxylic acid group should be labeled. Also, the peptide bond should be labeled.

22. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Short Answer • 11. Describe the shape of the DNA molecule, and discuss how the DNA molecule is held in this shape.

23. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Short Answer • 11. Describe the shape of the DNA molecule, and discuss how the DNA molecule is held in this shape. • Answer:DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder. The double-stranded helix of DNA is held together by hydrogen bonding between the base pairs.

24. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Extended Response • 12. The body has numerous energy reserves. What are they, and where are they found in the body? Which of these reserves provides the greatest source of quick energy?.

25. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Extended Response • 12. The body has numerous energy reserves. What are they, and where are they found in the body? Which of these reserves provides the greatest source of quick energy? • Answer:The body stores energy in the form of fat in adipose tissue, glycogen in the liver, and protein in muscle and fibrous tissue. The greatest source of quick energy is the glucose in the blood. Glucose comes from the stored glycogen in the liver. All types of proteins (structural, enzymatic, regulator, and others) can also provide energy to the body.

26. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Extended Response • 13. Explain how it is possible to denature a protein without breaking the polypeptide chain.

27. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter 23 Extended Response • 13. Explain how it is possible to denature a protein without breaking the polypeptide chain. • Answer:The properties of a protein relate to the protein’s secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure, which can be changed (denatured) without affecting the primary structure.