From the PS/2 to the smartphone, a perspective of the computing revolution from the trenches

1. From the PS/2 to the smartphone, a perspective of the computing revolution from the trenches Sam Huynh Principal Member of Technical Staff November 17, 2016

2. Agenda • Who am I? • Introduction to AMD • My role inside AMD • From the PS/2 to the smartphone, a perspective of the computing revolution from the trenches • Q and A

3. Who am I? • Born in Saigon (now known as Ho Chi Minh City), Vietnam at the end of the Vietnam War. • Family immigrated to Seattle, Washington after the Vietnam War • Grew up in Seattle and eventually attended the University of Washington • BSEE ’94, MSEE ‘96 and Ph.D. EE ’99 • Relocated to Mountain View, CA in ‘98 and now live in Santa Cruz, CA • Three patents (ATI/AMD) • Dynamic impedance compensation circuit and method • Bit deskewing IO method and system • Methods and apparatus for transmitting and receiving data signals

4. Career Journey Cascade Design Automation

5. Introduction to AMD • Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Inc was founded on May 1, 1969 and is based in Sunnyvale, CA. • The company designs, develops, and sells microprocessor products, such as central processing units (CPU), accelerated processing units (APU), and graphics processing units (GPU) for servers, desktop PCs, and mobile devices. • Its microprocessors for server platforms include AMD Opteron 6000, 4000, and 3000 series processors; • APUs for mobile PC platforms consist of performance mainstream AMD A-Series APU, the AMD E-Series APU for everyday performance, the AMD C-Series APU for HD Internet experiences in small form factors, and the AMD Z-Series APU for Windows-based tablets; • CPUs for mobile PC platforms comprise the AMD Phenom II mobile processor, AMD Turion X2 mobile processor, AMD Turion II mobile processor, AMD Turion II ultra mobile processor, and AMD Athlon II processor. • Discreet graphics solutions include Radeon and Radeon HD series • AMD controller hub-based chipsets for its APUs; and graphics, video, and multimedia products for use in desktop and notebook computers

6. World wide locations Toronto, Ontario Boston, MA Beijing, China Sunnyvale, CA Shanghai, China Austin, TX Orlando, FL Bangalore, India Hydrabad, India 9 major design centers world wide Approximately 10,000 employees World wide

7. About AMD • The AMD mission: To be the leading designer and integrator of innovative, tailored technology solutions that empower people to push the boundaries of what is possible • Operations in 31 countries with more than 50 locations, including more than a dozen R&D facilities, nearly two dozen international sales offices, and assembly/test manufacturing facilities in Malaysia and China • Fortune 500 company • 2014 revenues of $5.51 billion • Main competitors:

8. AMD and YOU • Great brands join with AMD to bring their products to life • Technology providers you know and trust, such as Acer, Apple, Asus, Cisco, Dell, GE, HP, Lenovo, Microsoft, Nintendo, Samsung, Sapphire, Sony, Toshiba, Vizio, and XFX. • These leading brands count on AMD to find innovative ways to power the solutions they create for the different ways you work and play with technology in your every day life. • Named Top 100 best corporate citizens of 2013 by the Corporate Responsibility (CR) Magazine • Innovation and technology are what we do, but responsibility is who we are. • AMD was founded on the belief that if you put people first, products and profits will follow. • Today we call this culture The AMD Way. • It means doing business in a responsible way, caring for the environment and contributing to our communities.

9. AMD Time line (1969 – 2010) Dual core 2005 Athlon 64 Introduced in 2003 AMD Founded 5/1/1969 AMD introduced K5; split with Intel in 1996 AMD signs on as second source for x86 in 1982 Xbox 360 in 2005 2010 2000 1970 1980 1990 ATI Founded In 1985 ATI acquires ArtX in 2000 AMD was founded in 1969 by a group of former executives from Fairchild Semiconductors. AMD acquires ATI in 2006 ATI introduced Radeon in 2000 GameCube In 2001 AMD became a fabless semiconductor company in 2009 with the spin off of foundry operations to become Global Foundries. Wii in 2006

10. AMD Time line (2010 – Present) Radeon HD8000 In 2013 Polaris line June, 2016 Radeon Fury X In 2015 AMD introduce APUs in 2011 AMD Seattle 64 bit ARM sever in 2014 2010 2015 2016 2017 Wii U in 2012 Zen to be launch in early 2017 Xbox one/PS4 in 2013 Carrizo introduced in 2015

11. My role inside AMD • Responsible for developing methodologies using next generation technologies (7nm) • Our main mission: • Convert source code into an actual silicon chip • This process is known as RTL-to-GDS • Register Transfer Level (RTL) is a form of verilog used to describe the chip’s functionality • Graphic Database System (GDS) is the geometrical information released to foundries for silicon manufacturing • Work with teams in Austin, Boston, Toronto, and India • Create synergies for cross functional teams and inter disciplines • Work with flex time • Cycles (CES, E3, back to school, and Christmas)

12. RTL-to-GDS Meets frequency specs Input: RTL Place and Route Timing closure Floorplanning Synthesis Organizes blocks based on timing and connectivity Converts high level description language into physical gates DRC/LVS Makes the physical connections Design Rule Check (DRC) Layout Versus Schematic (LVS) Output: GDS to the foundry

13. From the ps/2 to the smartphone, a perspective of the computing revolution from the trenches

14. How did we get from… ~$600 with 2 year commitment (in 2016) $3000 ($6375.74 in 2016 dollars) in 1987 with university student discount

15. This is how… • Demand: Performance, Power, and Price • Globalization • Foundry/circuit technology • Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools

16. Performance, Power and Price • Performance • Clock frequency • IPC (Instructions Per Cycle) • Power • Maintain a certain level of performance but reduce power consumption • Battery life • Price • Lower and keeps getting lower • More features

17. Globalization • How do we improve performance, reduce power, lower cost/price and still make money? • Performance and power  foundry/circuit tech • Increase market size  expand world wide specifically China, India, Brazil, etc… • Intellectual competition especially Taiwan, China and India • TSMC is the world’s largest independent semiconductor foundry (founded in 1987) • Effective “24 hour” operation

18. Foundry/Circuit technology • Foundry technology • Bipolar junction transistors (BJT)  Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) • Feature size: 3um (3000nm)  7nm • Approximately 428x reduction in approximately 35 years • Circuit technology • Serial links • ISA  EISA  PCI, AGP USB, PCIE, and SATA • Main Memory

19. BJT versus CMOS • Advantages of CMOS over BJT • CMOS is a better switch • Effective zero static power consumption • High packing densities • Relative easy design, integration and manufacturing process

20. Radeon from 2000 - 2015 Polaris

21. 8086 - APUs

22. APUs

23. Age of Parallel Computing • SISD = Single Instruction Single Data • 8086 – 486 • SIMD = Single Instruction Multiple Data • Graphics Processing Units (GPU) – Radeon • MISD = Multiple Instruction Single Data • No personal experience with this architecture • MIMD = Multiple Instruction Multiple Data • Multi-core CPU (Athlon, Phemon, etc…) • APU = Accelerated Processing Unit • Mulit-core CPU + GPU (MIMD + SIMD)

24. Parallel versus Serial links • Parallel link transmits several streams of data simultaneously along multiple channels (wires, etc…) • Pros: Easier to design • Cons: More pins (more area), limited data rate • Serial link transmits a single stream of data • Pros: Fewer pins (less area), higher data rate • Cons: Design complexity

25. BUS interfaces (1981 – now)

26. DRAMs (Dynamic random access memory) HBM 2016 Peak bandwidth = 128GBps

27. DRAM density

29. High Bandwidth Memory

30. AMD Polaris with HBM

31. Today’s tools to build tomorrow’s technologies • Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools • Cadence (Virtuoso), Synopsys (PrimeTime), Mentor Graphics (Calibre), etc… • Linux (approximately 2003 to present) • Enabled cheap PCs (~$2K) to replace specialized expensive servers (~$20K) • Get a lot more compute for the same price • Multi-threading (approximately 2007 to present) • Took advantage of multiple cores

32. All that leads to this… 1994 $2000 ($3258.14 in 2016 dollars) 2016 (< $250 laptop) Single core CPU DDR DRAM SDR DRAM AGP VLB Graphics CPU (2 - 8 cores) Northbridge NB Southbridge SB PCIe PCI Network KB M USB KB M other SATA ATA

33. 2012 2013 2013 2005 2006 2006 2001 1996 1991 1985 2000 2001 1994

34. The Revolution continues… • Mobility/Density  Lower Power Consumption • Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) versus Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) • RISC (Alpha, ARM, PowerPC, SPARC) • CISC (x86, Motorola 68K) • Clock gating/Power gating – stopping the clock/turning off the power when idling • Foundry Technology – reduce static leakage

35. Conclusion • The Revolution continues • Companies that can adapt and evolve continues to survive (AMD) • Because you demand more performance, less power, lower prices • The electronics industry responds with innovations in technology • And AMD puts it all together and brings those products to you.

36. Q & A • Open forum – questions and answers