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Understanding Hyperlipidemia and Its Management

Learn about hyperlipidemia, its symptoms, testing methods, complications, lifestyle changes, medications, effects on exercise, and exercise programming to manage the condition effectively. Discover key resources and recommendations for prevention.

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Understanding Hyperlipidemia and Its Management

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  1. Hyperlipidemia John Baer

  2. What is it? • Hyperlipidemia- any condition that elevates fasting blood triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations • Dyslipidemia- altered blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations • Hypercholesterolemia- elevated cholesterol • Hypertriglyceridemia- elevated triglycerides • Hyperlipoproteinemia- elevated lipoproteins • Hypoalphalipoprotein syndrome- low HDL • Postprandial lipemia- postprandial rise in TG rich proteins after eating

  3. Understanding • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NklmCp8pyDM

  4. Epidemiology • On the decline • Average cholesterol went from 213 mg/dl to 203 mg/dl (1978-1994) • 17% of adults have cholesterol 240 mg/dl or greater • 67.6% had blood checked in 1991 • 73.1% had blood checked in 2003 • Greater awareness

  5. Symptoms • Cholesterol greater than 240 mg/dl • LDL often over 260 mg/dl • HDL lower than 40 mg/dl

  6. Testing • Obtained through complete blood lipid profile from forearm venipuncture following a 12 hour fast • Finds total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides.

  7. Complications • Dyslipidemia itself is not a complication • Patients with dyslipidemia may also have other diseases or disabilities which may prevent them from exercise • A thorough medical review must be conducted before any exercise training

  8. Treatment • Lifestyle changes • Medications

  9. Lifestyle Changes • TLC diet, therapeutic lifestyle changes • Fat intake 25-35% total calories • Saturated fat less than 7%, polyunsaturated fat 10%, and monounsaturated fat 20% of calories • Increases in dietary fiber and plant stanols or sterols • Encouraged to eat more fruits, vegetables, and high fiber foods

  10. Lifestyle Changes cont. • Smoking cessation • Exercise

  11. Medications • If lifestyle changes are not working well enough for 6 months medications used • Statin agents are most commonly used • Increase HDL and decreases LDL • Inhibits cholesterol synthesis

  12. Effects of Disease on Exercise • Dyslipidemia alone does not affect exercise • Cardiovascular disease could cause angina • Medications currently taking

  13. Medications on Exercise • P. 43 Clinical Exercise Physiology

  14. Effects of Exercise on Disease • Lower triglyceride concentrations • Reduced postprandial lipemia • Decreased concentrations of LDL • Higher HDL concentrations • Increases in lipoprotein enzyme activity • Improved glycemic control • Reduction in adiposity indirectly lowers blood lipid concentrations • P. 225 Pollock’s

  15. Exercise Testing • Follow protocols for populations at risk for CAD • Diagnose CAD • Determine functional capacity • Determine appropriate intensity range for aerobic exercise training • High cholesterol may cause ischemia

  16. Exercise Programming • Aerobic exercise is the foundation of the program • Exercise at 40-80% VO2 max • 5 or more days per week • Once, maybe twice per day • Incorporate resistance training in program • 45 minutes per session • P. 172 ACSM

  17. Conclusions • Have blood lipids checked every 1-5 years • Could prevent CAD and atherosclerosis • Eat healthy and exercise

  18. References • Know the Risks: Lifestyle Management of Dyslipidemia by Paul Sorace, Thomas LaFontaine, and Tom R. Thomas • ACSM’s Exercise Management for Persons With Chronic Diseases and Disabilities by J. Larry Durstine, Geoffrey E. Moore, Patricia L. Painter, Scott O. Roberts • Clinical Exercise Physiology 2nd Edition by Jonathan K. Ehrman, Paul M. Gordon, Paul S. Visisch, Steven J. Keteyian • Pollock’s Textbook of Cardiovascular Disease and Rehabilitation by J. Larry Durstine, Geoffrey E. Moore, Michael J. LaMonte, Barry A. Franklin • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&biw=1235&bih=564&tbm=isch&tbnid=kZADRt5miFTF5M:&imgrefurl=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/480603_3&docid=Qk1E4OGh_l4YUM&imgurl=http://img.medscape.com/fullsize/migrated/480/603/cvrr480603.tab1.gif&w=675&h=614&ei=eJZCT_bYNcKsiQLC8PGYAQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=402&vpy=29&dur=3444&hovh=214&hovw=235&tx=123&ty=93&sig=113826194840513614201&page=1&tbnh=115&tbnw=126&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=0CEsQrQMwAg • http://health-club.org/heart-disease-risk-factor

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