Exploring Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration in Motion Physics

1. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration”

2. Lesson Objectives By the end of this lesson, students will be able to: • Identify speed as the distance an object travels in a given amount of time. • Identify that velocity is described by both speed and direction. • Identify acceleration as the change in velocity over time. *Speed is a measure of how fast an object changes its position, while velocity is the speed of something in a given direction, and acceleration is the increase in the rate of an object's speed. In this concept, you will learn about the relationship between speed, velocity, and acceleration.*

3. Lesson Questions By the end of this lesson, students will be able to answer: I.) How Can Motion Be Described by using speed, velocity, and acceleration? II.) How Are Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Related? *Speed is a measure of how fast an object changes its position, while velocity is the speed of something in a given direction, and acceleration is the increase in the rate of an object's speed. In this concept, you will learn about the relationship between speed, velocity, and acceleration.*

4. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” Summary Force and motion are two fundamental concepts in physics. A force is described as either a push or a pull. Motion can be considered as a change in position over time and is described by speed, velocity, and acceleration. Speed measures the distance an object travels in a given time period and is considered to be a scalar quantity, i.e., it is measured only by its magnitude. A baseball moving at 90 miles per hour (mph) can be said to have a speed of 90 mph. Other scalar quantities include volume, mass, and area. • Video: Understanding Speed • GO to D.E. • Click on Science Techbook • Click on Unit: Forces and Motion • Click on Concept: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration • Click on the Explore Tab • Click on the More Resources Button within the Tab

5. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” Summary Velocity measures the speed an object travels but also includes the direction of travel. An airplane might have a velocity of 400 mph heading in a southwest direction. Velocity is considered to be a vector quantity. Other vector quantities include force and acceleration. Both speed and velocity have the dimensions of length divided by time. Video: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration: NFL Running Backs Activity: Learning: How to Measure Speed Prezi App: Speed, Velocity, Acceleration

6. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” Video: Summary Accelerationis the change in an object’s velocity in a given amount of time. Since velocity is comprised of both speed and direction, acceleration could involve a change in speed or, with a constant speed, a change in direction, or a change in both speed and direction. Acceleration is considered to be a vector quantity. A car accelerating from a stop sign to a highway speed of 60 mph undergoes a continual change in speed from 0 to 60 mph in a given amount of time. The car would also be considered to be accelerating if it were going a constant 60 mph around a curve in the road, since its direction of travel would be changing. Acceleration has the dimensions of distance divided by time, and that quantity divided by time; this is also stated as distance divided by time squared. Acceleration can also be negative, as when an object is slowing down; this is sometimes referred to as deceleration. Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration: Sports Science NHL Activity: Prezi app: Speed, Velocity, and Motion Video: Distance, Speed, and Time Graphs

7. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” Activity: The Bonneville Salt Flats - Login to D.E. - Click on the assignments tab - Click “The Bonneville Salt Flats - Answer the questions found below: • Question 1 • Define speed, and give an example of speed using an example from the Bonneville Salt Flats reading passage. • Question 2 • How long ago did people first begin to race on the Bonneville Salt Flats? • Question 3 • What was the fastest speed a car was driven on the Bonneville Salt Flats in 1914? • Question 4 • Describe the method that auto racers used to determine the speed of cars back in 1914? Also, how is that method different from today? • Question 5 • Why do you think the Bonneville Salt Flats are an ideal location for auto racers? Give an example of why you think this. • Question 6 • What is the formula to compute speed, and what do each of the letters represent within the equation? • Question 7 • n 1970, Gary Gabolich set one of the most remarkable records. Gabolich drove his rocket-powered car a blistering 622 miles per hour! Write this expression in the speed formula.

8. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” Isaac Newton’s Second Law of Motion: What Causes an Object to Accelerate? Acceleration is the change in an object's motion. It may include a change in speed, direction, or both speed and direction. As Newton's second law describes, the acceleration of an object equals the net force applied to the object divided by the object's mass. For example, the larger the kicking force you apply to the soccer ball, the greater the ball's acceleration will be. Getting to Know: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration In everyday conversation, the terms speed, velocity, and acceleration may all mean the same thing. But in physics they have very precise meanings. At every moment, a moving object has a precise position, speed, velocity, and acceleration. The changes in these measurements describe the movement of the object. Activity: StudyJams– Newton’s Second Law “Acceleration”

9. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” Exploration: Need For Speed Using the pages document found on the class website, complete the exploration: “Need for Speed” Directions, Introduction, and How to Use This Exploration will be shown in-class, and be on the pages document I.) How Can Motion Be Described using speed, velocity, and acceleration? • Every object has a position in space. • Moving objects change their position. • Speed is the rate at which position changes, or the travel distance divided by the travel time, and velocity is both the speed and direction of the motion. • For example, an airplane could travel at a speed of 600 kilometers per hour and have a velocity of 600 kilometers due west. • Acceleration is the change in velocity. An object accelerates when it changes speed, direction, or both.

10. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” II.) How Are Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Related? • An object moving with zero acceleration is either motionless or moving at a constant velocity. Otherwise, the acceleration tells whether the object is speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction. • For example, a car that is accelerating at a rate of 3.0 kilometers per hour per second is speeding up, either from rest or from some initial speed. A car that is accelerating at –3.0 kilometers per hour per second is slowing down. • Negative acceleration is often called deceleration. • The velocity of the car might still be directed forward, but the deceleration is slowing the speed. • Reading Passage: Understanding Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration • Click on D.E. • Click on Science Techbook • Click on Unit: Forces and Motion • Click on Concepts: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration • Click on the Engage Tab • *Read the Reading Passage, and answer the following questions on the pages document provided on the class website* Prezi App – Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

11. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” Video: Distance, Speed, and Time Graphs • Throughout this video, students will be able to learn how to plot a distance vs. time graph. • Students will also be able to identify how to determine the speed of an object by using a distance vs. time graph. • After, students will complete the pages document labeled “Distance, Speed, and Time Graphs”

12. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” Graphing Distance vs. Time Graphs • Throughout this video, students will be able to learn how to graph a distance vs. time graph using NUMBERS. • Students will also be able to identify how to determine the speed of an object by using a distance vs. time graph. • After, students will complete the pages document labeled “Distance, Speed, and Time Graphs”

13. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” Mini-Class Project: Which Matchbox Car has more speed, acceleration, and velocity? (Coming Soon)

14. Section 6-2 “Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration” Concepts Review: I.) How can motion be described? Answer:  Motion can be considered as a change in position over time and is described by speed, velocity, and acceleration. II.) How are speed, velocity, and acceleration related? Answer:  Speed measures the distance an object travels in a given time period and is considered to be a scalar quantity, i.e., it is measured only by its magnitude.  Velocity measures the speed an object travels but also includes the direction of travel.  Acceleration is the change in an object’s velocity in a given amount of time. Vocabulary Practice Website: Quizlet Practice Quiz: Focus on Acceleration, Speed, and Velocity