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Aberrant Wnt / b -catenin signaling can induce. chromosomal instability in colon cancer. Behrens. J et al , PNAS, 2006. Introduction. ◦ The hallmarks of colon tumors. - APC mutation. Mutations in APC are the most frequent events in colon tumors. (Powell, S.M et al , Nature , 1992).
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Aberrant Wnt / b-catenin signaling can induce chromosomal instability in colon cancer Behrens. J et al, PNAS, 2006
Introduction ◦ The hallmarks of colon tumors - APC mutation Mutations in APC are the most frequent events in colon tumors (Powell, S.M et al, Nature, 1992) - CIN (Chromosomal Instability) CIN can cause gross changes in gene expression that in turn may promote tumorigenesis (Kops, G.J. et al, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2005)
What is CIN? ◦ CIN (Chromosomal Instability) - CIN is defined as an increased rate of loss or gain in chromosome numbers and parts. Polyploidy + aneuploidy - It is believed that causes of CIN is in mitosis - It has been suggested that mutations in APC can lead CIN (Kaplan, K. B. et al, Nat cell biol, 2001)
Cell cycle check point ◦ G1/S DNA damage check point ◦ G2/M DNA replication check point ◦ Mitotic spindle check point Spindle check point On APC/C is inhibited Arrested to Metaphase It is thought that inactivation of spindle checkpoint is a cause of CIN (Pinsky. B.A. et al, Trends in cell biol, 2005)
Conductin is up-regulated in CIN tumor • CIN+ or – is determined by CEP-FISH •Conductin expression level is determined using RT-PCR
APC mutation Wnt signaling On Conductin ? CIN Wnt signaling activation causes CIN via conductin
Conductin is up-regulated during Mitosis (Barr F.A. et al, Nat rev, 2004)
Conductin is up-regulated during Mitosis (continued) (Barr F.A. et al, Nat rev, 2004)
PLK1 activity is required for the function of conductin (Barr F.A. et al, Nat rev, 2004)
Summary APC mutation ? CIN Spindle checkpoint inactivation Wnt On PLK1 activation • Why APC mutation? Conductin