A Smarty Activity

1. A Smarty Activity by Cyndie Sebourn & Sascyn Publishing, Inc. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

2. Sentence Options: Compound and Complex This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

3. Independent Clause • An Independent Clause contains a Subject, a Verb, and a Complete Thought. • Think about the word “independent.” If you are independent, you do not need anyone else’s help. • A clause that is independent can stand alone; it does not need help from any other sentences. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

4. Brush of Truth rocks! • Subject? Brush of Truth • Verb? Rocks • Complete Thought (does it make sense?) – Absolutely! This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

5. Compound Sentence: Option 1 • A compound sentence consists of at least two independent clauses. • Option 1 joins two independent clauses with a comma and a coordinating conjunction (Your Smarty Britches FANO: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so). This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

6. The sun is beginning to slide into the horizon, and the evening feels warm. • Clause #1: The sun is beginning to slide into the horizon • Clause #2: the evening feels warm • Important: They are divided by a comma and a coordinating conjunction! ,and This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

7. Compound Sentence: Option 2 • Option 2 joins two Independent Clauses with a semicolon. Do not capitalize after the semicolon unless the word is a proper noun or pronoun! • It is so easy to change an Option 1 sentence to an Option 2 sentence! This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

8. The sun is beginning to slide into the horizon, and the evening feels warm. (Option 1) • The sun is beginning to slide into the horizon; the evening feels warm. (Option 2) • Remove the comma and coordinating conjunction and replace it with a semicolon. • Remember not to capitalize the first word after the semicolon unless it is a proper noun pronoun! This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

9. Compound Sentence: Option 3 • Option 3 joins two Independent Clauses with a semicolon, a conjunctive (connective) adverb, and a comma. • Connective Adverbs: however, instead, nevertheless, meanwhile, consequently, therefore, furthermore, … This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

10. It is also easy to change an Option 1 or Option 2 sentence to an Option 3 sentence. • The sun is beginning to slide into the horizon, and the evening feels warm. (Option 1) • The sun is beginning to slide into the horizon; the evening feels warm. (Option 2) • The sun is beginning to slide into the horizon; consequently, the evening feels warm. (Option 3) This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

11. Smarty Practice • You are about to turn and jump back in the surf, but something catches your eye. (Option 1) • Change this to an Option 2 sentence. • Change this to an Option 3 sentence. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

12. Dependent Clause • A Dependent Clause has a Subject and a Verb, but it does not have a complete thought; it doesn’t make sense by itself. • Think about the word “dependent.” If you are dependent upon others, you need their help. • A Dependent Clause needs help from or is dependent upon an Independent Clause. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

13. Dependent Clauses can also be called Subordinate Clauses. • Dependent Clauses create a complex sentence. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

14. Complex Sentence: Option 4Adverb Dependent Clause • Adverb Dependent Clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. • Subordinating Conjunctions: since, because, when, while, if, although, where, until, … This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

15. Option 4 sentences begin with an Adverb Dependent Clause; this introductory clause is followed by a comma. • As you turn it over in your hands, your fingers feel a slight indent. (Option 4) • As you turn it over in your hands is dependent; it does not make sense alone. It needs the Independent Clause: your fingers feel a slight indent. • Remember that a comma follows the introductory Dependent Clause. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

16. Complex Sentence: Option 5Adverb Dependent Clause • Again, Adverb Dependent Clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. • Option 5 is opposite from Option 4 because this sentence ends with the Dependent Clause. • Since it ends with the Dependent Clause, there is no comma! This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

17. As you turn it over in your hands, your fingers feel a slight indent. (Option 4) • Your fingers feel a slight indent as you turn it over in your hands. (Option 5) • Just flip an Option 4 sentence’s clauses and remove the comma, and you will have an Option 5 sentence! This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

18. Smarty Practice • Change the following Option 4 sentences to Option 5 sentences; remember there is no comma when you flip the clauses! • Because you have bravely volunteered to help find the opal ring, you will be protected by The Kingdom of the Deep. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

19. As your light grazes the headstones, you begin to see the names carved in the rugged gray surfaces. When it reaches its pincers up first, you act. Before you can protest, Hawaiian shirt has bent over and scooped up the box. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

20. Complex Sentence: Option 6Adjective Clause • Adjective Clauses are also Dependent Clauses that describe something else in the sentence. • Adjective Clauses begin with one of the following relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

21. An Adjective Clause can be essential (needed for the sentence to make sense) or nonessential (not needed for the sentence to make sense. • If the adjective clause is essential, there will not be commas around it. • If the adjective clause is nonessential, there will be commas around it. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

22. That and Which • The Relative Pronoun “That” always begins an Essential Adjective Clause, and it does not have commas surrounding it. • The Relative Pronoun “Which” always begins a nonessential Adjective Clause, and it has commas surrounding it. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

23. Smarty Practice • The little reddish-brown lump that is the Queen edges over to The Brush and wraps her form around it. Essential – needed! • When you are hungry, you use the brush to draw up a pizza,which you eat contentedly while sitting cross-legged on the ocean floor. Nonessential – not needed! This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

24. Who, Whom, and Whose • “Who,” “Whom,” and “Whose” can be essential or nonessential, depending on whether or not the sentence needs them to make sense. • “Now you will join the others, who made their way before you.” There is a comma before “who,” so the author meant for it to be nonessential – not needed for the sentence to make sense! This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

25. Smarty Practice • The story that Julie Landry Laviolette wrote is an exciting choose your adventure story! Essential or Nonessential? • The story, which happens to be my favorite, has many different endings. Essential or Nonessential? • The boy who is the smartest is also my cousin. Essential or Nonessential? • “Now you will join the others, who made their way before you.” Essential or Nonessential? This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

26. Noun Clauses: Option 7 • Remember that a Clause must have a subject and a verb! If it is Independent, it makes sense by itself. If it is Dependent, it does not make sense by itself and needs help from an Independent Clause! • Noun Clauses perform the same functions in sentences that nouns do: subject, direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative/predicate adjective, and object of the preposition. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

27. Noun Clauses: Option 7Starter Words • how which • if who • that whoever • what whom • whatever whomever • when whose • where why • whether This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

28. Noun Clause Functions • Which ending we choose is not important. Subject • You see what looks like a tiny lunch counter at a doll-sized diner. Direct Object (who or what?) • Please give whoever wants it the book. Indirect Object (to whom?) • It seems that the legend has been true after all. Predicate Nominative (follows linking verbs) • “But you must be careful of whom you trust in The Kingdom of the Deep.” Object of the Prep This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

29. Smarty Practice • Whoever wants to read this book can. • The author gave whoever wanted it a free book. • Studying hard is how I made good grades. • You tell me what you think of the book. • Listen carefully to what the characters say. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

30. Compound-Complex SentencesOption 8 • A compound-complex sentence is simply combining an Option 1, 3, or 3 sentence with an Option 4, 5, 6, or 7 sentence. This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.

31. Julie wrote the book, and Cyndie wrote the lesson plans; when they were finished, they were exhausted. CD/CX Option 8 • Julie wrote the book, and Cyndie wrote the lesson plans (Option 1) • when they were finished, they were exhausted (Option 4) This Smarty Activity is the intellectual property of Cyndie Sebourn and Sascyn Publishing, Inc.