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Lipids

Lipids. Structure. Contain C, H and O (in different ratio than CHO) hydrophobic. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS in LIPIDS. hydroxyl. carboxyl. Function. Long-term energy storage Building membranes and other cell parts Insulate against heat loss Provide cushion around organs.

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Lipids

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  1. Lipids

  2. Structure • Contain C, H and O (in different ratio than CHO) • hydrophobic

  3. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS in LIPIDS hydroxyl carboxyl

  4. Function • Long-term energy storage • Building membranes and other cell parts • Insulate against heat loss • Provide cushion around organs

  5. Lipids can be divided into 4 families: • Triglycerides • Phospholipids • Steroids • Waxes

  6. 1. Triglycerides • Composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules • Fatty acid chains are long C-H chains with carboxyl at one end • Fatty acid chains are connected to glycerol molecule by ester linkage Pg 22 Fig 1.12

  7. Types of Fatty Acids Saturated Fatty Acids • Have only single bonds between carbon atoms • Thus contain the max # of H atoms • Solid

  8. Saturated fatty acid

  9. Saturated Triglyceride Pg 22 Fig 1.13

  10. Unsaturated Fatty Acids • Have one or more carbon-carbon double bonds – have kinked/bent chains • (mono = 1 double bond, poly = more than 1) • Have fewer H atoms – therefore liquids, so they show bending

  11. Unsaturated fatty acid

  12. Unsaturated Triglyceride Pg 22 Fig 1.13

  13. Hydrogenation • adding hydrogen atoms • converts unsaturated fat to saturated fat

  14. Esterification • Glycerol gives up 3 H atoms • 3 fatty acids give up hydroxyl groups • Forms ester linkage

  15. Esterification

  16. 2. Phospholipids • Made of Glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate group, R group ( amphiphilic – polar head and non-polar tail) • Phosphlipidbilayer makes up cell membranes (more on this later)

  17. 2. Phospholipids Pg 23 Fig 1.14

  18. 3. Steroids/sterols • 4 fused hydrocarbon rings (carbonyl groups) • Includes Cholesterol in cell membranes and sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen)

  19. 3. Steroids/sterols Pg 24 Fig 1.16

  20. Cholesterol • Needed for cell membrane structure • Can be converted to Vit D and Bile salts • But if you have too much  artherosclerosis

  21. 4. Waxes • Diversity of structures • Usually long carbon-based chains • Solid at room temp

  22. 4. Waxes • Produced in plants and animals In Plants • Carnauba wax • Coats surface of leaves preventing water loss and repels insects

  23. 4. Waxes In Animals • Earwax, beeswax • Present on the skin, fur and feathers of many animals

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