QUIZ

1. QUIZ • What does ICAP stand for ? What is its main use ? • Why is Partition Pin preferred over Bus Macro?

2. PARTIAL RECONFIGURATION DESIGN FLOW

3. Recap – Complete Architecture Overview

4. Design Flows for PR • Module-based PR: • Implement each Reconfigurable Module as an individual project • Constrain each PR module to be placed in a given partition • Initially full Bitstream is loaded and partial Bitstream of a complete PR module is loaded on demand • Supported by Plan Ahead. Will be covered in detail • Difference-based PR: • Implement each Reconfigurable Module as an individual project • Constrain each PR module to be placed in a given partition • Compute the difference of Bitstreams of the Reconfigurable modules to obtain the differential partial bitstream • Initially full Bitstream is loaded and differential partial Bitstream of a PR module is loaded on demand

5. PR Specific Design Flow Comparison Without PR With PR

6. Example PR Design Original Sobel processed Sepia processed The Reconfigurable “Filter Engine” will be replaced with Sobel or Sepia filter part during Runtime partial Reconfiguration. Static part Reconfigurable part System level block diagram (Implemented on Zync 7000 7Z202 SoC) Ref: Application Note: Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC

7. Design Flow Non PR specific design flow Vivado : Converts high level code to RTL code Xilinx Synthesis Tool : Converts RTL code to Netlist PR specific design flow PlanAhead tool: Used for Reconfigurable partitioning Floorplan the design Add Reconfigurable modules Run Implementation tools to generate Full and partial bit stream Ref: Application Note: Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC

8. PR SPECIFIC DESIGN FLOW (USING PLANAHEAD)

9. Setting Partition Partitioning Style • A partition defines the smallest atomic area a module can be assigned • Different Partitioning styles possible • Not all supported by commercial vendors. • Island style • Slot Based • Grid Based Island Slot Based Grid based

10. Setting Partition Placement Flexibility • Partitioning style affects placement and flexibility • Island style - suffers from fragmentation . • Offered by the current vendors Xilinx and Altera. • Slot style - Also suffers from fragmentation but to a lesser extent. • Some academic tools have explored this style –ReCoBus • Grid Style - Reduced fragmentation. Difficult to support. • To enhance flexibility, the PR module must be placed and routed in every region it needs to be configured. • Additional stress on Bit stream size. Island Slot Based Grid based

11. Setting Partition • In the Netlist view of the synthesized design, select FILTER ENGINE to set partition • The type of partition should be selected as Reconfigurable • partition Ref: Application Note: Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC

12. Adding Default Netlist Select the Sobel Filter Netlist for the Reconfigurable partition Ref: Application Note: Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC

13. Adding Reconfigurable Modules Add Sepia filter Netlist for the Reconfigurable partition Ref: Application Note: Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC

14. Floor Plan the PR region The PlanAhead tool requires the User to manually select the PR region considering the amount of resources required for the most complex reconfigurable module Ref: Application Note: Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC

15. Floor Plan the PR Region Resource Consideration • Column wise layout of different logic primitives • Must be considered when placing • Depending on the type of logic primitives used by the module(SLICEX, SLICEM, etc), relocation may or may not be possible.

16. Floor Plan Design Recommendations Global Clocks • When possible, add frames to an RP range in the same clock region rather than adding an additional clock region to avoid clock starvation

17. Floor Plan Design Recommendations Fan Outs Partition Partition Manually optimize the Fanout before the automatic Placement and routing, done in implementation stage, for a better design

18. Implementation • The Final Placed and Routed designs for • Sobel and Sepia filter Sobel filter Sepia filter Ref: Application Note: Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC

19. Generating Bit Streams • This step will generate Full and Partilalbitstream for Sepia and Sobel filter. • The full bitstream of sobel could be used as initial bitstream • The partial bitstream of sepia and Sobel could be loaded to FPGA via PCAP on demand Ref: Application Note: Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC

20. Frame Composition Bit Streams - Review • Row address – 0 to 9 • Top/Bottom row of the FPGA • Together with row address can locate the tile • Major Address : Columns 0 onwards • Minor Address : No. of frames in tile • Block type : Logic Blocks, BRAMs, Routing Blocks Frame Address Register

21. RESOURCE UTILZATION & TIMING Ref: Application Note: Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC

22. Power Consideration • PR itself requires power • Power during PR is spent in: 1. Configuration Data Access – 2. Actual configuration of FPGA Resources Bonamy, R., et al. "Power Consumption Models for the Use of Dynamic and Partial Reconfiguration." Microprocessors and Microsystems (2014).

23. Case Study Fault Tolerance – Self Healing Architecture • Fault tolerant Processor • IF ,MAC and ALU are the PRMs • Different configurations available for each module. • Focus on the self healing feature more than the performance itself. Psarakis, Mihalis, and Andreas Apostolakis. "Fault tolerant FPGA processor based on runtime reconfigurable modules."

24. Case Study Reconfigurable Crypto processor • Processor can choose from Different crypto algorithms • Major Area savings • Some Power Savings too. Hori, Yohei, Toshihiro Katashita, and KazukuniKobara. "Energy and area saving effect of Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration on a 28-nm process FPGA."

25. Case Study Fast Start Up • Fast Start up is a 2 step configuration • Useful in time critical systems to initiate a swift system start up. • Example : Automotive safety Meyer, Joachim, et al. "Fast start-up for spartan-6 fpgas using dynamic partial reconfiguration."

26. Challenges of Partial Reconfiguration Xilinx PR Implementation Flow HDL Design Description • Complicated design flow • Tool Support • Doesn’t support Slot/Grid Style • Manual Placement Steps • Manual assistance for reconfiguring different target devices. • Security issues • Although encryption option is provided, security issues persist. • Decreased performance as compared to full configuration. • Xilinx reports a 10% degradation in clock frequency when using PR. HDL Synthesis Set Design Constraints Manual steps Placement Analysis Implement Static Design and PR Modules Merge Final Bitsreams

27. Our Project • A Run time reconfigurable motion estimation. • Motion estimation (Block Matching) techniques used in video stabilization. • Switch between 2 different algorithms (Full Search and Diamond Search) depending on external inputs such as video quality • Achieve a tradeoff between speed and accuracy based on external inputs. • Evaluate metrics such as area savings, power savings and reconfiguration time. • PR tools are not in matured state. So it will be a challenging task to implement the motion estimation algorithms using PR, hence we have a backup plan to implement “Algorithmic approach to partial bit stream relocation”.

28. Thank you Questions ?