COBOL Programming Final Exam Guide

1. This is It! It’s been a pleasure!

2. Final Exam • Short answer question format • 6 short answer questions • 2 programs. • 5 reference sheets

3. Review

4. Types of Variables • Elementary Items. 01 ws-field pic x(3). 77 ws-field2 pic x(3). 01 ws-test pic 1. • Group Items 01 ws-group. 05 ws-grp1 pic 9(3). 05 ws-grp2 pic 9(3) comp-3.

5. Types of Variables • Arrays 01 ws-array. 05 ws-array-entry occurs 9 times. 10 array-a pic x(3). 10 array-b pic x(3).

6. Conditions 01 ws-indicator-list. 05 IN90 indicator 90 pic 1. 88 no-error value B’0’. 88 has-error value B’1’.

7. Parts of a COBOL Program • Identification Division • Environment Division • Data Division • Procedure Division

8. Area A • Division Names • Section Names • Paragraph Names

9. Area B • Everything else

10. Editing Functions

11. READ Statement READ Employee-File (RECORD) (NEXT RECORD) AT END PERFORM 500-End-Of-File-Routine NOT AT END PERFORM 300-Process-Employee INVALID KEY PERFORM 200-Invalid-Key-Logic NOT INVALID KEY PERFORM 220-Valid-Key-Logic END-READ.

12. Write Statement WRITE record-name FROM Field-name AFTER ADVANCING 9 LINES/PAGE BEFORE ADVANCING 9 LINES/PAGE INVALID KEY PERFORM 300-Invalid-Key-Rtn NOT INVALID KEY PERFORM 310-Valid-Key-Rtn FORMAT IS record-format name INDICATORS ARE variable-name END-WRITE.

13. Move Statement MOVE Identifier/Variable or Literal/Constant TO (Indentifier/Variable)s Alphanumeric Move? Numeric Move? Group Item Move? Group Item that contains Packed Decimal Data values?

14. STRING Statement STRING Variable/Constant DELIMITED BY {Variable/Constant/SIZE) INTO variable END-STRING

15. UNSTRING Statement UNSTRING Variable DELIMITED BY Variable/Constant/SIZE INTO variable1 variable2 variable3 END-UNSTRING

16. INSPECT Statement INSPECT variable REPLACING {ALL} {LEADING} var/lit by var/lit {FIRST}

17. Add Statement ADD variable/constant TO variable ROUNDED ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE. ADD variable/constant, variable/constant, … GIVING variable ROUNDED ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE. ADD variable/constant TO variable/constant GIVING variable ROUNDED ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE.

18. SUBTRACT Statement SUBTRACT Variable/Constant Variable/Constant ... FROM Variable ROUNDED ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE. SUBTRACT Variable/Constant Variable/Constant … FROM Variable GIVING Variable ROUNDED ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE.

19. MULTIPLY Statement MULTIPLY variable/constant BY variable ROUNDED ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE. MULTIPLY variable/constant BY variable/constant GIVING variable ROUNDED ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE.

20. DIVIDE Statement DIVIDE variable/constant INTO variable REMAINDER variable ROUNDED ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE. DIVIDE variable/constant INTO variable/constant GIVING variable REMAINDER variable ROUNDED ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE. DIVIDE variable/constant BY variable/constant GIVING variable REMAINDER variable ROUNDED ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE.

21. COMPUTE Statement COMPUTE variable ROUNDED = Arithmetic Statement ON SIZE ERROR PERFORM ERROR-HANDLING-ROUTINE

22. Initialize Verb INITIALIZE variable1 variable2 variable3 … ALPHABETIC REPLACING ALPHANUMERIC NUMERIC ALPHANUMERIC-EDITED NUMERIC-EDITED BY Variable4 literal-1

23. Set Verb • Used to initialize fields to a Condition-Name. • Used to initialize/increment indexes for arrays • Used to store contents on an index in a variable

24. Set Verb 01 ARE-THERE-MORE-RECORDS 88 THERE-ARE-MORE-RECORDS VALUE ‘YES’. 88 END-OF-FILE VALUE ‘NO’. SET END-OF-FILE TO TRUE. SET SUB UP BY 1. SET SUB TO SOME-NUMBER.

25. START Statement START file-name KEY condition INVALID KEY Perform Invalid-Logic NOT INVALID KEY Perform valid-logic END-START.

26. REWRITE REWRITE record-name (FROM variable-name) INVALID KEY perform error-rtn NOT INVALID KEY perform continue-rtn END-REWRITE.

27. DELETE • DELETE file-name RECORD • INVALID KEY perform error-rtn • NOT INVALID KEY perform continue-rtn • END-DELETE.

28. Selection IF Condition THEN Statement(s) ELSE Statement(s) END-IF

29. Evaluate Statements EVALUATE TRUE WHEN MARKS >= 80 MOVE ‘A’ TO GRADE WHEN MARKS >= 70 AND MARKS < 80 MOVE ‘B’ TO GRADE WHEN MARKS >= 60 AND MARKS < 70 MOVE ‘C’ TO GRADE WHEN MARKS >= 55 AND MARKS < 60 MOVE ‘D’ TO GRADE WHEN OTHER MOVE ‘F’ TO GRADE END-EVALUATE.

30. Perform Statement PERFORM (paragraph-name) PERFORM paragraph-name UNTIL Condition PERFORM (paragraph-name) THROUGH/THRU (paragraph-name) (integer/variable) TIMES PERFORM (paragraph-name) THROUGH/THRU (paragraph-name) WITH TEST AFTER UNTIL Condition

31. Select Statement SELECT Cobol-file-name ASSIGN TO DISK/DATABASE/PRINTER/WORKSTATION actual-file-name FILE STATUS IS variable-name ORGANIZATION IS INDEXED ACCESS MODE IS SEQUENTIAL/RANDOM/DYNAMIC/TRANSACTION RECORD KEY is data-element/EXTERNALLY DESCRIBED KEY CONTROL-AREA IS variable-name.

32. Search • Array must have an index. • Must set the index to where you want to start the search from (usually 1) SEARCH array-entries AT END WHEN END-Search

33. Search All • Array must have an ascending or descending key and be indexed. • No need to set the index before the search SEARCH ALL array-entries AT END WHEN END-SEARCH.

34. CALL (linkage type is Procedure/Program) ‘program-name’ USING parm1 parm2 END-CALL. CALL (linkage type is Procedure/Program) ‘program-name’ USING BY CONTENT parm1 parm2 END-CALL. CALL Statement

35. SQL • How to embed SQL statements in COBOL programs? • Replace Read/Delete COBOL Statements? • Replace Read/Rewrite COBOL Statements? • Replace Read/Write COBOL Statements? • Replace Sequential COBOL Statements? • What do you need in the working storage section?

36. Any Questions?