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Understanding Acids and Bases: Definitions, Properties, and Reactions

Learn the definitions, properties, and reactions of acids and bases. Explore the pH scale, acid/base indicators, and how they conduct electricity. Understand the concept of neutralization reactions and pH measurement.

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Understanding Acids and Bases: Definitions, Properties, and Reactions

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Definitions Acids – produce H+ Bases - produce OH- Acids – donate H+ Bases – accept H+ Arrehenius Bronsted-Lowry

  3. Examples Acids HCl Lemon Juice Soda NaOH Bleach Soap H2SO4 Acid Rain Vinegar KOH Ammonia M.O.M Bases

  4. Properties of Acids • pH < 7.0 • Taste Sour • React with metals • Turn litmus paper red

  5. Properties of Bases • pH > 7.0 • Taste Bitter • Slippery, soapy feeling • Turn litmus paper blue

  6. Acids & Bases • Conduct electricity (electrolytes) • React with indicators

  7. Universal Indicator Indicators Chemicals which change colors when they are put into acids or bases.

  8. Acid/Base Reactions (Neutralization Reactions) Acid +BaseWater + Ionic Compound HCl + KOH  HOH + KCl H2SO4 + 2KOH  2H2O + K2SO4

  9. pH Scale H+ OH- Acid Neutral Base 0 1 4 6 7 8 10 11 13 2 3 5 9 12 14 Urine Blood Saliva Bleach Ammonia Sea Water Pure Water Baking Soda Gastric Juice Tomato Juice Black Coffee Milk of Magnesia Battery Acid, HCl Orange Juice, Soda Lemon Juice, Vinegar Liquid Draino, NaOH

  10. What is pH? • measures the concentration of H+ ions (How acidic or basic a solution is) pH = -log[H+] If [H+] = 1 x 10-4, then pH = 4 If [H+] = 1 x 10-13, then pH = 13

  11. pH and pOH pH + pOH = 14 If [OH-] = 10-8 M, what is the pH? • the pOH = 8 • so the pH must be 14 – 8 • So the pH = 6

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