Sciences

1. Sciences Comments on the University of Geneva participation to CoEPP Allan Clark DPNC University of Geneva Congratulations on the success of the CoEPP initiative

2. Génétique Faculty Research – National Poles of Excellence • Science Faculty is Home Institute in 3 National Centres of Excellence • - Physiques of new materials (condensed matter physics) • - Genetics • - Biological • In addition, participation in 5 National Centres of Excellence that have other home institutes • Participation in > 30 EU projects • To give other examples: • – Particle Physics is part of a national coordination (CHIPP) and is closely aligned to • CERN. • – Astronomy is closely aligned to ESO and Federal Space Office • – Bio-informatics is coordinated nationally

3. Physics Section and Astronomy Department • Département de physique théorique (DPT) • Départment de physique de matière condensée (DPMC) • + lead house MANEP (NCCR Excellence Centre) • Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire (DPNC) • Groupe de physique appliquée (GAP) • Observatoire de Genève • Integral Science Data Centre (ISDC) • CAP (a new initiative loosely linking DPT, DPNC, ISDC) • http://www.unige.ch/sciences/physique/index.html

4. Teaching in the Physics Section • Bologna System • 6 semester Bachelor • 2 semester course work + 1 semester thesis Master • 3 year Doctorate ( typically 4 years, maximum 5 years) • Bachelor courses include 2 years of general courses and laboratory. The third year includes introductory courses in each of • Astronomy and Cosmology • Nuclear and Particle Physics • Condensed Matter Physics • A wide range of optional and advanced courses • The ERASMUS program is widely used for student exchange • Master and Doctoral programs available in each of the departments, with specialisation in the research programs of the department and specialised advanced course work • Exchanges and equivalences between different universities are now widely encouraged • Excellence Bursaries are now available (Faculty of Science)

5. DPMC – Condensed Matter Physics • Øystein Fischer (head Manep) • scanning tunneling spectroscopy of novel superconductors, the high Tc family • Thierry Giamarchi • Condensed matter theory, emphasis on strongly correlated systems, high Tc superconductors, quantum magnetism, electronic structure, cold atomic gases • Alberto Murpurgo • Quantum electronic measurements including new nano-electronic applications • Patrycia Paruch • Ferroelectric domain walls (disordered systems) • Combining ferroelectric oxide thin films with carbon nanotubes etc • Christoph Renner • Correlated electron systems and exotic quantum properties in low dimension systems • Jean-Marc Triscone • Interface physics with thin oxide films – high Tc and also exotic magnetic, ferroelectric and semiconducting oxides • Dirk van der Marel (Director) • Optical techniques to study electronic excitations in correlated systems • All these Faculty are part of the Swiss-wide MANEP consortium http://dpmc.unige.ch

6. DPT – Theoretical Physics Activities Faculty Markus Büttiker Eugene Sukhorukov – Mesoscopic systems and condensed matter theory Corinna Kollath Claudia de Rham – cosmology – the Early Universe, Dark Energy, Extra Dimensions Ruth Durrer – cosmology and particle physics Michele Maggiore – gravitational waves, cosmology of the Early Universe, particle physics Marcos Mariño Beiras – mathematical and topological aspects of String Theory and Quantum Field Theory, Quantum Gravity Peter Wittwer – fluid mechanics, partial differential equations http://theory.physics.unige.ch/

7. DPNC – Activities • Faculty: A. Blondel, A. Clark, G. Iacobucci, M. Pohl • (T. Montaruli from October 1) • + • A. Bravar, D. Rapin, X. Wu, M. Nessi • Astroparticles – M. Pohl, D. Rapin • AMS on the Space Station • POLAR to measure the polarisation of high energy gamma ray bursts • CTA project +…… • Close links to ISDC in context of CAP • Neutrinos – A. Blondel • T2K experiment (Japan) – including NA61 experiment at CERN • MICE experiment (UK) • European R&D towards future neutrino beams • Large Hadon Collider and ATLAS – A. Clark, G. Iacobucci, M. Nessi, M. Pohl, X. Wu • ATLAS experiment – construction of IBL, physics analyses • R&D on silicon detectors towards future Collider activities • Very strong links to CERN • Very strong links to other Swiss HEP institutes (CHIPP) • Several Australian students over the years (Bourses de la Confedération etc) http://dpnc.unige.ch

8. GAP – Activities • Biophotonics – Jean-Pierre Wolf • applications of ultrafast spectroscopy for biological, medical, and environmental research • novel experimental schemes to control molecular dynamics in biological systems • study non-linear phenomena induced by very intense femtosecond lasers, including atmospheric phenomena • Optics – Nicolas Gisin • Quantum cryptography and quantum communication • Nonlocality and entanglement • Quantum memories • Fibre optics • Superconducting materials • Superconducting wire development (including high Tc) for MRI magnets etc with emphasis on high magnetic fields • Quantum Electronics • (see work of Morpurgo in DPMC and Manep) • Climate Change and Climate Impact – Martin Beniston • Part of Institute of Environmental Studies, with Earth Science • Member of NCCR on Climate Change, and other FP7 etc programs • Main thrust is climate data analysis and regional climate modelling

9. ASTRONOMY – Activities • Extra-solar Planets and Stellar Kinematics – Stéphane Udry (+ Michel Mayor) • Search for extra-solar planets (+ discovery of first extra-solar planet, 51 pegasi b) • Rotational velocity measurements (HARPS) • A lead institute in the ESA PLATO initiative • Stellar Evolution– Georges Meynet • Star rotation, stellar evolution modelling, nucleosynthesis etc • Extragalactic Modelling and Observation– Daniel Schaerer • Gravitational lensing for distant galaxies etc • Photometry and Gaia – Gilbert Burki • Star variability, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), Gamma-ray bursts, etc • ISDC- INTEGRAL Science Data Centre – Thierry Courvoisier • AGN’s, stellar variability, young star evolution • Integral (Data centre) –”high energy” gamma rays, gamma bursts, etc • Very high energy astrophysics with gamma rays (CTA project) • Acceleration mechanism of cosmic rays • Participation in Plank, Gaia, Polar, Astro-H • Future participation in EUCLID • http://www.unige.ch/sciences/astro/ • Extensive use of international facilities (La Palma, la Silla ESO etc) • Close collaboration with EPFL (Georges Meylan, weak lensing) • and with cosmology (DPT) as well as particle physics (DPNC) leading to CAP

10. Comments on Geneva ATLAS Group Activities AMS INTEGRAL RHESSI etc MAGIC Discovery potential determined primarily by LHC machine performance. Accelerator and hardware development essential Melbourne and Sydney were important partners in ATLAS Now extended to CoEPP partners A. Clark

11. The ATLAS detector Spectrometer coverage |h|<2.7 Trigger and measurement for µ dp/p < 10% to Eµ ~ 1 TeV EM calorimeter, e/g trigger, ID, measurement s/E ~ 10%/√E  0.007 HAD calorimeter (jets, MET) Tiles(central), Cu/W-Lar (fwd) E-resolution: s/E ~ 50%/√E 0.03 Fwd cal: s/E ~ 90%/√E 0.07 3-level trigger rate to tape ~200 Hz Inner Detector (|h|<2.5) Track and Vertex reconstruction s/pT ~ 3.8 x 10-4 pT (GeV)  0.015 Length: ~45 m Radius: ~12 m Weight: ~7000 tons 2 T magnetic field

12. ATLAS at LHC – Energy and Luminosity 1014 1012 108 106 AMS RHESSI etc 104 • Geneva Collider group historically involved in: • CERN SppS experiments (UA1, UA2) • Fermilab Tevatron experiments (CDF) • Now ATLAS • Activities have included: • – detector R&D + detector construction • – trigger development • – physics analyses • Partners in ATLAS with Bern University MAGIC 102 100 W. Stirling A. Clark

13. ATLAS at LHC – the Geneva group Faculty: Allan Clark, Peppe Iacobucci Martin Pohl Xin Wu (Marzio Nessi) Physicists: Paul Bell William Bell Sergio Gonzales José Navarro Garcia Marc Goulette Andrew Hamilton Alison Lister Gabi Pasztor Applied Physicist: Didier Ferrere Doctoral Students: Gauthier Alexandre Moritz Backes Elina Berglund Eleonora Benhar Noccioli Francesca Bucci Valerio Dao Clemencia Mora Herrera Snezana Nektarijevic Katalin Nikolics Attilio Picazio Kilian Rosbach Ian Watson with Sydney Katalin Nikolics with CERN Ahmed Abdelalim with CERN/Egypt AMS RHESSI etc MAGIC A. Clark

14. ATLAS at LHC – Luminosity 2011 … Lint = 707 (674) pb-1 W. Stirling 1014 1012 108 106 104 AMS 102 RHESSI etc 100 MAGIC Interactions per bunch crossing 2010 … Lint = 48 (45) pb-1 A. Clark

15. ATLAS in Geneva – hardware activities I 1992 – 2009 R&D, construction and integration/commissioning of the ATLAS silicon tracker Modules Electronics Mechanics

16. ATLAS in Geneva – hardware activities II 2009 – 2013 R&D, construction and integration/commissioning of the ATLAS IBL pixel detector

17. ATLAS in Geneva – hardware activities III 2010 – … R&D towards a new silicon tracker (collaboration with KEK) Modules Electronics Mechanics

18. ATLAS in Geneva – physics analyses Attitude has been to successively: – understand the detector – understand the Standard Model – move towards searches The LHC + ATLAS experience has been so successful that we have been “taken by surprise”. Analyses with major UniGe participation: – minimum bias cross-section (900 GeV, 7 TeV) – W cross-section analysis – Rjet analysis in (W/Z + jets) production – Inclusive lepton (e±)cross-section – Top pair production cross-section + major participation in electron and trigger performance papers Analyses in an early phase – top pair production with associated jets – t’ searches – W’ searches and study of high-ET single e± and e± pair production

19. ATLAS in Geneva – physics analyses Charged-particle multiplicities vs. pT for events with nch ≥ 2, pT> 100 MeV and |eta| < 2.5$ at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 7 TeV. New J Phys 13 (2011) 053033 (22 Dec 2010) Phys Lett B 688, 1, 21 (15 March 2010)

20. ATLAS in Geneva – physics analyses Measured and predicted W vs. Z cross sections times leptonic branching ratios. ATLAS-CONF-2011-041

21. ATLAS in Geneva – physics analyses Differential cross-section as a function of the charged lepton transverse momentum for |η| < 2.0 excluding the 1.37 < |η| < 1.52 region. The results for electrons and muons with statistical plus systematic uncertainties are shown. The measurements are compared to the prediction of the FONLL calculation (light blue bands: 68% uncertainty bands), the NLO calculation and the prediction of PYTHIA, POWHEG+PYTHIA and POWHEG+HERWIG. The ratio of the measured cross-section and the other predicted cross-sections to the FONLL prediction is given in the bottom plot.

22. ATLAS in Geneva – physics analyses Measurements of σ_ttbar from ATLAS (and CMS) in pp collisions, and CDF/D0 in p-pbar collisions, compared to theoretical predictions assuming a mt = 172.5 GeV as a function of √s. ATLAS-CONF-2011-040

23. Conclusion – life not easy but a lot of fun Initial state parton shower Signal process Final state parton shower Fragmentation Hadron decays Beam remnants Underlying event Monte Carlo generator representation Sherpa