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Home Energy Savings

Home Energy Savings. Jan Jantzen and Michael Kristensen Samsø Energy Agency, Denmark jj@seagency.dk www.ieepromise.eu.

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Home Energy Savings

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  1. Home Energy Savings Jan Jantzen and Michael Kristensen Samsø Energy Agency, Denmark jj@seagency.dk www.ieepromise.eu Energy agencies from Samsø (Denmark), Iceland, Rhodes (Greece) and Tenerife (Spain) aim to promote tried-and-tested methods for reducing the energy consumption of households. PROMISE is an EU project under the IEE program.

  2. Why should I save energy? You save money and tax The EU aims to save 20% by 2020 You save energy for the next generation, and youactlocally The EU wishes to have securesupply, to becompetitive, to besustainable

  3. Three ways to save energy • Fuel. The energy coming into the house from the outside. A home owner could consider changing the heating unit to another fuel type, for instance renewable energy. • Conversion. Energy is lost during conversion from input fuel to end-use energy. For example, an oil furnace can be adjusted in order to minimize the losses through the chimney. • End-use. Energy spent by the occupants. They could perhaps decrease their consumption – for example, spend one minute less in the shower, or adjust the indoor temperature.

  4. kWh saved on electricity

  5. What is the normal energy consumption? It depends on the local climate. Household Energy Consumption in the EU (2009), Lapillonne, Sebi and Pollier 2012, www.odyssee-indicators.org

  6. Energy consumption of our standard house (RETScreen) Data from RETScreen using an oil heated standard house of 138 sqm. The same house is moved to different locations.

  7. Overview of climate data (RETScreen) The islands are examples of different climates. The ’!’ symbols mark the energy wise worst case in each column. Grimsey is coldest, Heimaey is most windy. Tenerife has a tempered climate with the most solar radiation. Rhodes requires both heating and cooling.

  8. Theory

  9. If large temperature difference and small resistance (insulation) then large losses The heat flow Q through the walls is lost to the outside. We wish to minimize the losses. This can be done by decreasing the temperature Ti inside or increasing the resistance R by installing more insulation. Insulation material has a characteristic resistance, but it is given as its U-value, where U = 1/R. It depends on the material. The lower the U-value the better. As an example, 1 square metre of 200 mm mineral insulation has U = 0.21 (W/m2*K).

  10. Basic equations

  11. WhenyouadjustTi to T'i, the saving factor dependsonclimate (To)

  12. WhenyouadjustR to R', the saving factor doesnotdependonclimate

  13. Saving factors [%] for heating/cooling

  14. Saving factors [%] for heating/cooling

  15. Practice

  16. What is your consumption? • We ask the house owners for theirconsumption (electricity, oil, gas), perhapseventheirenergybills. This is the observedconsumption. • Thenwetry to estimatewhethertheirconsumption is low, medium, orhigh. This is difficult, becausewe do not have reference numbers. • We have thereforebuiltourown standard house in software (RETScreen). Wecancompare the observedconsumptionwith the calculatedconsumption of the standard house transferred to the current location. • Kilowatt corresponds to the speed of the rotating disk in the picture. • Kilowatt-hourscorresponds to the distancethat the counter runs in the picture.

  17. Why change? • 7.33 € • 1.60 € (Illustrations from Wikimedia Commons)

  18. Because it is a good investment (in Denmark) Simple bank account (without interest). The initial investment (year 0) is small, the payback period is 1 year, the lifetime is 10 years, and the final profit is 78 EUR. The diagram depends on local prices.

  19. Adjust temperature. Some saving actions are cheap. Air is a better insulator than ice, therefore the fridge ought to be defrosted 1-2 times per year. Modern refrigerators are frost free, however. Some refrigerators are unnecessarily cold, and 5-8 C is enough. Freezers need not be colder than -18 C. Cleaning the back side from dust also helps, because it makes it easier for the refrigerator to get rid of its heat.

  20. Tool: an electricity meter The meter can measure the electricity consumption of, for instance, the refrigerator. It can measure the momentary consumption (kilowatt) and the energy consumption over a period of time (kilowatt-hours).

  21. Some heating units are more efficient than others • The ground source heat pump has a high efficiency, because it receives heat from the ground. In fact 2/3 of the produced energy comes from the ground. The last 1/3 is due to the electricity that drives the equipment (compressor, pumps). • Electric heaters have efficiency 1, because all electricity is converted to heat. • New oil furnaces are almost as good. • Old oil furnaces from before the energy crises in the 1970s have a poor performance.

  22. Circulation pump at full speed ? There are several ways to save energy here Temperaturesettinghigherthan 65 C ? Boileruninsulated ? Oil burnerunserviced ?

  23. Adjust indoor temperature Setting 4 for the bathroom (23 C) Setting 3 for the living room (20 C) Setting 2 for the bedroom (17 C) Setting 1 for the hallway (13 C) Setting * for antifreeze (7 C) Some rooms can be kept at a lower temperature than others. This could save some energy. A thermostat valve maintains the temperature automatically. Once it is set, it should be left alone, but children like to play with it.

  24. Add more loft insulation An example with climate data from Heimaey. Adding 200 mm mineral insulation to the loft -- made of wood and with some existing thin insulation -- saves 4091 kWh per year. This is equivalent to more than 400 litres of oil.

  25. Saving too much could cause mould in damp rooms We may see damages due to humidity, especially in poor homes. Humidity causes mold, and this can be a hazard to the health. It is easy to detect by its smell. We have to advise about ventilation too.

  26. Home energy check basic data We would like to know all the information on the right, before we start on the energy check. But it can be difficult or even impossible to get. We must therefore guess some of the information. It is important to know the size of the home (heated area in m2), the number of inhabitants, and the fuel consumption. Prices could be looked up elsewhere, and it may be possible to guess the energy for the hot water system (use the standard house numbers). When you change location in the spreadsheet (location 1--4) the background energy factors will change.

  27. Savings advices Negotiate values for the green column during the interview with the household. Those are the savings they will try. The spreadsheet immediately calculates the total amount of savings (kWh) and the money saved (local currency).

  28. Grimsey case (215-5459) • Habitants: 2 • Heatedarea: 132 m2 • Built in 1975 • Windowarea: 31 m2 • Electricityconsumption: 6500 kWh/year • Oil consumption: 4920 litres/yr • Electricityprice: 11.5 ISK/kWh • Oil price: 60 ISK/litre • 27 light bulbs • Oil boiler: HS Tarm FB-B Mark 2 • Circulation pump: UPS 25-40 at speed 3 • 13 Danfoss thermostatvalves

  29. Tenerife case (PuertoFranco) • Heatedarea: 230 m2 • Habitants: 2, but 8 peopleuse the house • Noheating, useelectricheaterswhennecessary • Source of hot water: electricity • Electricityconsumption: 3400 kWh / year • Electricityprice: 0.145 EUR / kWh • Change 20 light bulbs • 2 freezers, temperature – 25 C • 2 fridges, temperature 3 C

  30. Rhodes case (EthnikisAdistasis) • Heated area: 100 m2 • Habitants: 3 • Source of heating: electric heater, use it when tariff is low • Electricity consumption: 3000 kWh / yr • Electricity price: 0.19 EUR / kWh • Hot water: Solar heater with electric backup • Will maybe buy an air/air heat pump

  31. Performance Numbers

  32. Summary • We apply relative saving factors to observed consumption • Achievable savings: 5-20% fuel • Of these, more than 1/5 are related to behaviour, we reckon

  33. More information • PROMISE 2012 Capacity building workshops report. PROMISE Deliverable D3.1 • www.ieepromise.eu • A. Klaesener, J. Jantzen, S.I. Fridleifsson, A. Chatzimpiros, K. Komninos, E. Lopez Suarez and S. Carlier-Wiart (2013). Energy Efficiency in Households. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. onRenewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency, Nicosia, Cyprus, June 2013 (submitted) • A. Klaesener, J. Jantzen, S.I. Fridleifsson, A. Chatzimpiros, K. Komninos, E. Lopez Suarez and S. Carlier-Wiart (2013). Energy Efficiency in Households. Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Energy Efficiency in DomesticAppliances and Lighting,Coimbra, Portugal, Sep 2013 (submitted)

  34. PROMISEwww.ieepromise.eu An action (IEE/10/312/SI2.589421)supported by the EU programme Intelligent Energy Europe under the Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI)

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