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Intro to Micro-Hydro Power

Intro to Micro-Hydro Power. Gary Flomenhoft, BSME, MPP,CEE Lecturer/Research Associate Community and International Development, CDAE Gund Institute, University of Vermont Project Director, Dominica Renewable Energy Workshop http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/Dominica/fieldwork.html.

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Intro to Micro-Hydro Power

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  1. Intro to Micro-Hydro Power Gary Flomenhoft, BSME, MPP,CEE Lecturer/Research Associate Community and International Development, CDAE Gund Institute, University of Vermont Project Director, Dominica Renewable Energy Workshop http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/Dominica/fieldwork.html

  2. Hydro Currently • 1/10 of electricity, US. • 20% World electricity

  3. Hydro-Electric Systems • Sizes- large, small, Micro • Types- Impoundment, Run-of-the River, diversion, pumped storage • Turbines- reaction and impulse • Home-Hydro-Power

  4. Large Hydro-systems • Defined as greater than 30 megawatts by Department of Energy • Hoover dam- (1300 MW) • Grand Coulee (6480 MW • Largest: • Venezuela (10 GW) • Itaipu-Brazil (12.6 GW • China- 18.6 GW (2009)

  5. Three Gorges Dam • Over one mile long • 575 feet tall. • 25-75 billion dollars. • 20 years of construction • 18,600 MW • Completion in 2009

  6. Small Hydro-systems • DOE 100kw – 30mw • Industries, towns • Thailand (9mw) • Winooski (5MW) • Essex (7MW)

  7. Micro-hydro system • DOE 0-100 kw • Farm, home, village • Increasing in #’s Today

  8. Impoundment Type or “Run-of-the-River w/o impoundment

  9. Diversion Type

  10. Diversion (Brazil)

  11. Pumped Storage Energy control- produce power on demand • 70-80% efficency • Net electricity consumers • Can be PV and wind powered

  12. Turbines: Reaction or Impulse • Depends on: head, flow, and pressure • Impulse- similar to water wheel (cupped Blades) Spins in the air • Reaction- used in large facilities • (Blades similar to boat propeller) Submerged in water

  13. Turbines: Reaction or Impulse

  14. Turbines: Reaction or Impulse

  15. Impulse-type Turbine-Pelton • High-head/low flow • (Vertical drop > 10m) • High pressure (PSI)

  16. Inside of Micro Turbine • 4 inch diameter impulse turbine • Creates 200 watts of power • Cost $1440

  17. Harris DC Hydro systems

  18. 14 KW Canyon Industries Pelton

  19. Impulse-type Turbine-Turgo Turgo: Medium head (>4ft)

  20. Impulse-type Turbine-Crossflow • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  21. Reaction-type Turbine-Francis • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  22. Reaction-type Turbine-Propellor • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  23. Reaction-type Turbine-Kaplan • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  24. Schematic Micro-Hydro

  25. Home-Micro-Hydro • How to determine power? • Watts= head x GPM/10 (53% efficiency)

  26. Dominica #1 High head/Low flow Head: 120 feet Flow: 80-120 GPM Power: 1KW

  27. Schematic: Forbay tank

  28. Intake Construction

  29. Intake Construction

  30. Intake Construction

  31. Intake Construction

  32. Penstock: 4” SCH 40 PVCPainted for UV protection

  33. Penstock: 4” SCH 40 PVCPainted for UV protection

  34. PowerHouse:

  35. PowerHouse:

  36. PowerHouse:

  37. Turbine:

  38. Turbine:

  39. Turbine Sahyadri Energy Systems PF-175

  40. HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS OF TURBINE: • hydroelectric generator • WATER DELIVERED TO TURBINE BY PVC PIPE: • Length is approx 480 ft. • 4 inch diameter • Approx cost $1600

  41. Head: 10 feet Flow: 1000 GPM Power: 1KW Dominica #2 Low Head/High Flow

  42. Low-Head System Installation

  43. Diversion

  44. Diversion

  45. Diversion

  46. Pipe Installation

  47. Pipe Installation

  48. Pipe Installation

  49. Pipe Installation

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