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IPv6 “We’re going to need a bigger address space”

IPv6 “We’re going to need a bigger address space”. www.fakengineer.com. Why IPv6?. Huge Address Space Address Renumbering/Hierarchy/Mobility Multicast/Anycast Security (IPsec, Source Route) Flow Labels High Performance Design Jumbograms (packets > 64 KB). Why not IPv6?.

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IPv6 “We’re going to need a bigger address space”

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  1. IPv6“We’re going to need a bigger address space” www.fakengineer.com

  2. Why IPv6? • Huge Address Space • Address Renumbering/Hierarchy/Mobility • Multicast/Anycast • Security (IPsec, Source Route) • Flow Labels • High Performance Design • Jumbograms (packets > 64 KB)

  3. Why not IPv6? • Network Address Translation (NAT) • Application Level Gateways (ALG) • Classless InterDomain Routing (CIDR) • DHCP for IPv4 • IPsec for IPv4 • Mobility for IPv4 • Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) • Jumbograms? (Try > 1500 Bytes!)

  4. Why not IPv6? http://2002:09fe:fdfc:2a41: fe2108c9e133fe01/index.html

  5. What’s So Bad About NAT? • Loss of Transparency • No Inbound Services • Some Apps Won’t Work (e.g. IPsec, WINS) Address Rewriting Local Intranet 10.xx, 192.168.xx Globally Routed Internet NAT • Performance Limitations • Redundancy is Hard • Nesting is Hard • Merger is Hard

  6. IPv4 and IPv6 Type of Service Vers 6 Traffic Class Vers 4 IHL Total Length Flow Label Identification Flags Frag Offset Payload Length Next Hdr Hop Limit Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source Address Source Address Destination Address IP Options Destination Address v4 Header = 20 Bytes + Options v6 Header = 40 Bytes

  7. IPv6 Addressing 3 13 8 24 16 64 • Top Level and Next Level Aggregators • Interface ID typically from MAC address • Special site-local and link-local addresses • Special multicast and anycast addresses • Special IPv4 compatible addresses F TLA NLA Interface ID resv SLA Public Topology Site Topology

  8. Address Autoconfigure • Start with link-local address • Neighbor Discovery (ND) multicast to find prefix or DHCP server • Stateful assignment via DHCPv6 • Stateless assignment via a routing prefix • Entire sites can renumber with new prefix • Mobility via dynamic care-of address

  9. Special ATM Consideration • ATM multicast support for ND • ATM doesn’t have 64 bit (or less) MAC’s • IETF is working on MARS extensions for ND and CLIPv6 • Most ATM’ers are going LANE/MPOA

  10. Why so Long? • Everything has to change (end-to-end) • Apps and API’s have to change • Domain Name System (DNS) changes • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) changes • Routing protocol changes • IPv4 over xxx now needs IPv6 over xxx

  11. IPv6 Evolution • The 6Bone, 1996 • explicit tunnels (“6over4” RFC2529) • IPv6 RFC2460, Dec 1998 (update to Dec 1995) • Native IPv6 backbones, 1999 • “6to4” draft, Oct 1999 • Bump In the Stack (BIS), Feb 2000

  12. The 6Bone

  13. Viagenie/CA*Net II APAN/WIDE Fibertel TCI ESnet Abilene WIDE Trumpet UUNET-UK CAIRN Sprint vBNS IPv6 Logical Network Map PSU Moscow State Univ Texas AP PSC Chicago 6TAP SUNY - Buffalo VA Tech Perryman San Francisco ODU UVA San Diego MIT SDSC UCSD vBNS POP pTLA or other network Transit Site Exchange Point Leaf Site Native Tunnel

  14. Selected IPv6 Code • Cisco routers, IOS 12.x • but performance is still rumored to be low • Juniper routers • Naval Research Lab stack (merged with OpenBSD) • KAME stack for Unix (in FreeBSD 4.0) • http://www.kame.net/ • Microsoft Research stack • http://www.research.microsoft.com/msripv6/

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