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Islamic Empires

Islamic Empires. Asia, Europe, Africa. The Arab Empire. The original Islamic Empire of the Arabs reached its height by 750 CE, when the Umayyad Dynasty was overthrown

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Islamic Empires

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  1. Islamic Empires Asia, Europe, Africa

  2. The Arab Empire • The original Islamic Empire of the Arabs reached its height by 750 CE, when the Umayyad Dynasty was overthrown • Although the Abbasid Dynasty ruled for a longer time than their predecessors, the Umayyads, the Abbasids never controlled as much territory

  3. Break-up of the Arab Empire • 750 CE – Spain breaks away from the Empire, accepting an escaped Umayyad prince as the Caliph of Cordoba • 973 CE – Morocco and Egypt break away from the empire and establish independent caliphates • 1055 CE – The Seljuk Turks establish themselves as the political rulers of the empire, relegating the Abbasid caliph to a strictly religious role • 1258 CE – Mongols under Hulegu Khan sack Baghdad, ending the Abbasid caliphate

  4. The Seljuk Turks • The Seljuk Turks were a nomadic people from Central Asia who were brought under the influence of the Arab Empire and employed as soldiers • From 1055 to the mid-1200s, the Seljuks ruled the Islamic Empire, controlling Mesopotamia, Persia, Arabia, Syria, Palestine and parts of Anatolia

  5. The Mongols • Mongols under Hulegu Khan (grandson of Ghengis Khan) toppled the Arab Empire in 1258 • The Mongols were initially hostile to Islam, but eventually many of them converted to the new religion • Later Mongol leaders spread Islam into Central Asia, India, and even parts of China

  6. The Delhi Sultanate • 1206 – 1526 • United Northern India under Muslim rule • Brought about an Indian cultural renaissance • Originally an extension of the Seljuk Empire • One of the only states to successfully resist attacks by the Mongols

  7. The Empire of Tamerlane • Tamerlane (or Timur the Lame) was a Mongol military leader whose tribe had converted to Islam before his birth • Conquered a huge empire in Central Asia in the late 1300s and early 1400s • One of the fiercest military commanders of all time – it is estimated that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people…5% of the world’s population!

  8. Muslim Empires in Africa • Caravans of Muslim traders began crossing the Sahara Desert in the 1000s CE • These traders carried many elements of Islamic culture with them, as well as their religion itself • Mansa Musa, the king of Mali, converted to Islam along with many of his subjects, creating an Islamic state in West Africa • Islam and Islamic culture also strongly influenced many of the East African city-states that were part of the Indian Ocean trade network

  9. Christians Strike Back • Beginning around 1100 CE, Europeans fought a series of wars against Muslim states • In Spain, the Reconquista gradually pushed out the Moors, ending the Caliphate of Cordoba by the late 1400s • European Christians from several nations also made a series of expeditions to re-capture the Holy Land (Palestine/Israel) from Muslims • Only the first of these Crusades was remotely successful

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