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Organic Molecules : Chemical compounds containing Carbon

Organic Molecules : Chemical compounds containing Carbon. What are we made of?. Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorous (P). Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Food Metabolism Cells Metabolism Building Blocks. Vocabulary Check.

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Organic Molecules : Chemical compounds containing Carbon

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  1. Organic Molecules: Chemical compounds containing Carbon

  2. What are we made of? Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorous (P)

  3. Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Food Metabolism Cells Metabolism Building Blocks

  4. Vocabulary Check Explain the difference between monomers and polymers based on the picture to the right!

  5. Organic Molecules • Carbohydrates (sugars) • Proteins • Lipids(fats) • Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)

  6. Carbohydrates(Sugars) • 2:1 ratio between Hydrogen and Oxygen. (CH2O) • Monomer = Monosaccharides • Monosaccharides (simple sugars) C6H12O6 glucose, fructose, and galactose • Disaccharides (double sugars) sucrose and lactose • Polysaccharides (complex sugars) starch, cellulose, and glycogen

  7. Carbohydrate Functions • Quick energy foods (1 gram contains 4 calories of energy): glucose, sucrose, and fructose. Central role as energy source. • Storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals) • Structure (cellulose and chitin)

  8. Food Sources for Carbohydrates

  9. Protein • Monomer = amino acids. • Each amino acid contains an NH2 or amino group and a CO2H or carboxyl group

  10. Examples • Actin/ Myosin • Hemoglobin • Antibodies • Enzymes: amylase, protease

  11. Protein Functions • Movement: Makes up muscle tissue (actin and myosin). • Transport: Carries oxygen in organisms (hemoglobin). • Immunity: Helps fight off foreign invaders (antibodies). • Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions (amylase and trypsin). • Energy source (1 gram = 4 cal of energy).

  12. Food Sources of Protein

  13. Lipids • Monomer= Fatty Acid • Examples: Fats, Steroids, Cholesterol, and Wax-allows plants to store water. • They are found surrounding internal organs, in each cell membrane, and clogging arteries and veins.

  14. Saturated: No double bonds between the carbons Solid at room temperature Found mostly in animals. Unsaturated: Double bonds between some of the carbons Liquid at room temperature Found mostly in plants Main Types of Fats

  15. Lipid Functions • High Energy food. 1 gram contains 9 cal of energy. • Protects vital organs • Insulates the body • Stores food for later use

  16. Food Sources for Fats

  17. Energy Review

  18. Nucleic Acids • Monomer = nucleotides • Examples are: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid) genetic information storage.

  19. Monomers Build Polymers

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