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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT DAN KOMUNIKASI

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY PENGENALAN KEPADA TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT DAN KOMUNIKASI. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT DAN KOMUNIKASI. 1.1.1.1 Define ICT Mentakrifkan maksud ICT 1.1.1.2 Describe The Brief Evolution Of Computer

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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT DAN KOMUNIKASI

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY PENGENALAN KEPADA TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT DAN KOMUNIKASI INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYTEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT DAN KOMUNIKASI

  2. 1.1.1.1 Define ICT Mentakrifkanmaksud ICT 1.1.1.2 Describe The Brief Evolution Of Computer Menerangkanevolusiringkaskomputer At the end of this lesson, you should be able to :Di akhirpelajaranini, andaakandapat :

  3. 1.1.1.1 MENTAKRIFKAN MAKSUD ICT 1.1.1.1 DEFINE ICT

  4. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the use of computers, communication devices and software applications for processing, storing, retrieving, protecting and transmitting from anywhere at anytime. TeknologiMaklumatdanKomunikasi (ICT) ialahpenggunaankomputer, alatkomunikasi, danaplikasiperisianuntukmemproses, menyimpan, mendapatkansemula, melindungidanmemancardarimana-manasahajapadabila-bilamasa.

  5. 1.1.1.2 MENERANGKAN EVOLUSI RINGKAS KOMPUTER 1.1.1.2 DESCRIBE THE BRIEF EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER

  6. Used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. Menggunakantiubvakumuntuklitardan drum magnet untukmemori. Expensive and bulky. Mahaldanbesar. Used machine language for computing and could solve just one problem at a time and it did not support multitasking. Menggunakanbahasamesinuntukpengkomputerandanbolehmenyelesaikansatumasalahpadasatu-satumasadaniatidakbolehmelakukanpemprosesantugasyang banyak. Their input was based on punched cards and paper tape Input mereka berdasarkan kad-kad tertebuk dan pita kertas. FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (1940-1956) : VACUUM TUBESGENERASI PERTAMA KOMPUTER (1940-1956) : TIUB VAKUM

  7. EXAMPLE OF COMPUTERS :ABC(1937-1942) by John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Benry.ENIAC(1945-1946) by John W. Mauchly and J. PresperEskert.EDVAC, EDSACandUNIVAC 1, IBM 709(1951) by John Von Neumann, Mauchlyand EskertIBM 701 &IBM 702 (1953)

  8. Transistors made computers smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable. Transistor membuat komputer lebih kecil, cepat, murah, cekap tenaga dan lebih dipercayai. But transistors were responsible for the emission of large amounts of heat from the computer. Tetapi transistor bertanggungjawab terhadap pelepasan haba dalam jumlah yang banyak daripada komputer. Used punched cards for input and printouts for output. Kad tebuk digunakan sebagai input dan cetakan untuk output. SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (1956-1963) : THE TRANSISTOR REVOLUTIONGENERASI KEDUA KOMPUTER (1956-1963) : EVOLUSI TRANSISTOR

  9. Used assembly language and high-level programming languages were also being develop at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. • Menggunakan bahasa himpunan. Bahasa pengaturcaraan peringkat tinggi juga sedang berkembang pada masa ini, seperti versi awal COBOL dan FORTRON. • EXAMPLE OF COMPUTERS : • IBM 1400 by John Bardeen, William Shockley and Walter Brattain. • UNIVAC M460, IBM 7090, NCR 315 and BURROUGHS • ERMA (1959) by General Electric Corporation

  10. Small transistor placed on silicon chips, called semi conductors. Transistor kecil yang diletakkan dia atas cip silikon, dipanggil semi konduktor. This increased the speed and efficiency of computers. Ini meningkatkan kecekapan dan kepantasan komputer. Operating systems were the human interface to computing operations and keyboards and monitors become the input-output devices. Sistem operasi adalah ruang hubung kait manusia untuk operasi komputer dan papan kekunci dan monitor menjadi peranti input- output. High-level programming languages develop at this time, such as BASIC and Pascal. Bahasa pengaturcaraan peringkat tinggi berkembang pada masa ini, seperti BASIC dan Pascal. THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (1964-1971) : INTEGRATED CIRCUITSGENERASI KETIGA KOMPUTER (1964-1971) : LITAR BERSEPADU

  11. EXAMPLE OF COMPUTERS :IBM 360 (1964)PDP-8 (1965)ICL 1900 (International Computer Limited) danVAC 9000

  12. Thousands of integrated circuits placed onto a silicon chip made up a microprocessor. Beribu-ribu litar bersepadu yang diletakkan ke dalam cip silikon untuk membentuk mikropemproses. The Intel 4004 chip, develop in 1971, located all the components of the computer – from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls – on a single chip. Cip Intel 4004, dibangunkan pada 1971, yang terletak semua komponen komputer – dari unit pemprosesan pusat dan memori untuk kawalan input/output – dalam satu cip sahaja. Developments of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices. Perkembangan GUIs, tetikus dan peranti pegangantangan. Led the way for modern-day computer technology. Permulaan bagi teknologi komputer moden. FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (1971-PRESENT) : MICROPROCESSOR BASEDGENERASI KEEMPAT KOMPUTER (1971-PRESENT) : BERASASKAN MIKROPEMPROSES

  13. EXAMPLE OF COMPUTERS :MITS ( Altair 8800 ) (1975)Apple I and Apple II (1977) by Steve Mozniak and Steve JobsVisiCalc (Visible Calculator) by Dan BricklandCRAY I. (Super Computer)

  14. FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (PRESENT & BEYOND) : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEGENERASI KELIMA KOMPUTER (PRESENT & BEYOND) : KEPINTARAN BUATAN • Computing devices, based on AI (Artificial Intelligence), are still in development. • Perantipengkomputeranberdasarkan AI (Artificial Intelligence) masihdalampembangunan. • The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. • Penggunaanpemprosesanselaridansuperkonduktormembantuuntukmembuat artificial intelligence saturealiti. • Quantum computation, molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come. • Kuantumpengiraan, molekuldannanoteknologiakanmenyebabkanperubahanpadakomputerpadamasa-masaakandatang.

  15. Develops devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. • Membangunkanperanti yang bertindakbalasterhadap input bahasaaslidanberkeupayaanuntukbelajardanbertindaksendiri. • Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. • Artificial Intelligence adalahcabangsains yang berkaitrapatdenganpembuatankomputer yang berkelakuansepertimanusia.

  16. Artificial intelligence includes : • Artificial intelligence termasuk : • Games Playing : programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers. • Permainan : pengaturcaraankomputeruntukbermainpermainanseperticaturdan dam. • Expert Systems : programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations. • SistemPakar : pengaturcaraankomputeruntukmembuatkeputusandalamsituasi yang sebenar. • Natural Language : programming computers to understand natural human languages. • BahasaAsli : pengaturcaraankomputeruntukmemahamibahasasemulajadimanusia.

  17. Neural Networks : system that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains. • Rangkaian Neural : satusistem yang mensimulasikankepandaiandenganmengeluarkansemularangkaian f izikal yang berlaku di dalamotakhaiwan. • Robotics : programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli. • Robotik : pengaturcaraankomputeruntukmelihatdanmendengardanbertindakbalaskepadarangsanganderia yang lain. • EXAMPLE OF COMPUTERS : • HAL9000 (2001) by Arthur C. Clarke’s

  18. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SOALAN DAN JAWAPAN 1. Give the definition of ICT? Berikandefinasi ICT? 2. Give the disadvantage of First Generation of Computer : Vacuum Tubes? BerikankeburukanGenerasiPertamaKomputer : TiubVakum? 3. Give the advantage of Second Generation of Computer : Transistor? BerikankelebihanGenerasiKeduaKomputer : Transistor? 4. What are the input-ouput devices of Third Generation of Computer : Integrated Circuits? Berikanperanti input-output GenerasiKetigaKomputer : LitarBersepadu?

  19. 5. Microprocessor was made from thousands of material Y, give the material Y. Mikropemprosesdiperbuatdaripadaberjutabahan Y, berikanbahan Y tersebut. 6. Artificial Intelligence is the branch…………….. , continue the words. Kepintaranbuatanialahsatucabang…………. , sambungayattersebut. 7. Game playing is one of the advantages of Fifth Generation Computer. Give the other four. BermainpermainanmerupakansalahsatukelebihanGenerasiKelimaKomputer. Berikanempat yang lain.

  20. ANSWERS : JAWAPAN : 1. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the use of computers, communication devices and software applications for processing, storing, retrieving, protecting and transmitting from anywhere at anytime. TeknologiMaklumatdanKomunikasi (ICT) ialahpenggunaankomputer, alatkomunikasi, danaplikasiperisianuntukmemproses, menyimpan, mendapatkansemula, melindungidanmemancardarimana-manasahajapadabila-bilamasa. 2. These computers were expensive and bulky. It did not support multitasking. Computer inisangatmahaldanbesar. Iatidakmenyokongpemprosesantugas yang banyak.

  21. 3. These computers were smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable. Komputer ini lebih kecil, cepat, murah, cekap tenaga dan lebih dipercayai. 4. Keyboards and monitors Kekunci dan monitor 5. Integrated circuits Litar bersepadu 6. Artificial Intelligence is the brach of computer science corcerned with making computers behave like humans. Kepintaranbuatanadalahcabangsainskomputer yang berkaitrapatdenganpembuatankomputer yang berkelakuansepertimanusia.

  22. 7. Experts system, Natural language, Neural networks and Robotics Sistempakar, Bahasaasli, Rangkaian neural danRobotik.

  23. NAME OF THE GROUP : • NAMA KUMPULAN : • FAST-FIQ • GROUP MEMBER : • AHLI KUMPULAN : • FAZUAN • SYAFIQ

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