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Agenda

Agenda. Background Update on Fukushima Daini Update on Fukushima Dai-ichi Summary of Events at Fukushima Dai-ichi Summary of Radiation and Reports. Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs). Fukushima Daini. Units 1, 2, and 3 are in cold shutdown status Pressure is near atmospheric

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Agenda

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  1. Agenda • Background • Update on Fukushima Daini • Update on Fukushima Dai-ichi • Summary of Events at Fukushima Dai-ichi • Summary of Radiation and Reports

  2. Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs)

  3. Fukushima Daini • Units 1, 2, and 3 are in cold shutdown status • Pressure is near atmospheric • Temperature is below 100°C • Unit 4 is still being actively cooled • No signs of trouble

  4. Fukushima Dai-ishi • Unit 1: 460 MW, 1967 • Unit 2: 784 MW, 1969 • Unit 3: 784 MW, 1970 • Unit 4: Shutdown, unfueled. 11/10 • Unit 5: Shutdown, fueled. 1/11 • Unit 6: Shutdown, fueled. 8/10

  5. Fukushima Dai-ichi Unit 1 • SCRAM – immediate shutdown following the earthquake • External power was lost • Diesel generators started backup cooling • Diesels failed due to tsunami damage • Reactor Core Isolation Cooling (RCIC) pumps continued to operate on steam from the reactor • Batteries drained, losing power to valves • Complete blackout

  6. Fukushima Dai-ichi Unit 1 • Primary water was lost and core degradation occurred • Zirc alloy oxidizes, resulting in hydrogen formation

  7. Fukushima Dai-ichi Unit 1 • Portable diesel generators are delivered, backup pumps replace water to the Reactor Pressure Vessel • Pressure in containment drywell rose as wetwell became hotter

  8. Fukushima Dai-ichi Unit 1 • Pressure was relieved to the reactor building, gasses included hydrogen produced from zirconium oxidation • Hydrogen in the reactor building exploded, causing the collapse around the containment.

  9. Fukushima Dai-ichi Unit 1 • Began injecting seawater into the vessel to continue the cooling process • Similar events happened at Units 2 and 3

  10. Fukushima Dai-ichi Unit 2 • An explosion at Unit 2 may have damaged the suppression pool • A fire at the Unit 4 fuel pool has led to a radiation release • The fire is extinguished and radiation levels are decreasing steadily

  11. Radiation Levels • REM (Radiation Equivalent Man) • 100 REM = 1 Sievert • Normal, Background • Comic, Terrestrial • Medical • Chest X-Ray: 10 mREM • Abdominal CT: 2000 mREM

  12. Average Dose in U.S.: 620 mREM/year

  13. Radiation Reports • 8 times normal: • 0.059 mREM/hr • 1000 times normal: • 7 mREM/hr • Maximum levels • On site: 40 REM/hr • Boundary: 1.2 REM/hr • Dose: 10.6 REM

  14. Acute Radiation Sickness • Whole Body < 100 REMs • 25 REMs: • Possible changes in blood cells • 50 REMs: • Consistent changes in blood cells • Decrease in size of lymph glands • 80 REMs: • 50% chance of temporary sterility in males • 100 – 200 REMs • Symptoms begin at 100 REMs and become common (50% chance) at 200 REMs • Mild to moderate nausea • Occasional vomiting (3-6 hrs) • Loss of appetite • fatigue

  15. Radiation Check

  16. Last Thoughts • Our thoughts and prayers go to those who have lost their lives and livelihood in this disaster. • We wish the best for those still working at the plants. They are our first responders. They are heroes.

  17. Nuclear Fission

  18. Future of Nuclear Power

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