LÍNGUA INGLESA – PRÁTICA ORAL

1. LÍNGUA INGLESA – PRÁTICA ORAL REVISÃO – AV1

2. Conteúdo Programático desta aula • Rememorar conceitos e estratégias importantes que tornam o falante fluente; • Relação entre a compreensão auditiva e a habilidade da fala (speaking); • A fala e situações cotidianas; • O papel da interação oral no processo de comunicação; • A inferência contextual e praticará atividades direcionadas à ampliação de vocabulário para contextos específicos.

3. B A L A N C E COMPETENTEEMISSOR LISTENING SPEAKING READING WRITING

4. We may represent the relationships among the skills as the following: Oral Written Listening Reading Receptive Speaking Productive Writing

5. Estratégias disponíveis – Available strategies A princípio, podemos dizer que há três tipos de situações comunicativas orais em que podemos nos encontrar: Interacional – Incluem conversações face a face, ao telefone ou via internet. Neste tipo de situação temos a chance de perguntar, solicitar esclarecimentos, repetições, procurando adequar a velocidade e volume de voz. Parcialmente interacional – Palestras ao vivo para um público, apresentações de trabalhos acadêmicos, atos de fala em que o público não interrompe o discurso. Não-interacional – as poucas situações em que podemos, por exemplo, gravar uma fala para ser exibida em programa de TV, rádio ou internet.

6. Better English speaking skills – how to improve • Practice where you can, when you can. • Try to experiment with the English you know • Try to respond to what people say to you. • Try NOT to translate into and from your own language. • Don’t speak too fast! • Try to relax when you speak

7. Oral Language: Speaking and Listening Speaking and listening are aspects of oral language. Researchers have indicated for many years that there is a strong relationship between oral language and reading, writing, and thinking (Loban, 1963; Menyuk, 1984). Oral language is the base on which the other language arts develop (Sticht & James, 1984). For this reason, it is very important to continuously support students in developing oral language throughout all grades (Pinnell & Jaggar, 1991). Children and young adults develop oral language by using it (Halliday, 1975). There is reason to believe that students acquire written language skills in a similar way (Wells, 1986).

8. What is listening? The active process of receiving and responding to spoken (and sometimes unspoken) messages.

9. "Active listening involves six skills: paying attention, holding judgment, reflecting, clarifying,summarizing, and sharing. Each skill contributes to the active listening mind-set, and each skill includes various techniques or behaviors. These skills are not mutually exclusive. For example, paying attention isn't something you stop doing when you start holding judgment. Nor are the skills consistently weighed in importance. In one conversation, clarifying may take much effort and time; in another conversation, gaining clarity and understanding may be quick and easy."(Michael H. Hoppe, Active Listening: Improve Your Ability to Listen and Lead. Center for Creative Leadership, 2006)

10. Listening is an absorbing and importing stage while speaking is an expressing and exporting one, the former is the basis of individual expression and the premise of language learning, listening clearly will facilitate people to imitate and speak following what they heard

11. Listening establishes precondition for speaking, at the same time, the latter reflects the advancement of the former. People detect the quality of listening through speaking, that is to say, if hearing someone clearly; they will speak fluently without breaking away from the right track. Therefore, the two activities are conducted crisscross. People during the practice of learning language are always in line with the principle of assimilating first, and then pouring out. If only absorbing better materials can we communicate with others smoothly.

12. Situations: • Introducing yourself or others • Greetings • Origin • Likes • Dislikes • Saying goodbye

13. "There are four elements of good listening: attention--the focused perception of both visual and verbal stimuli hearing--the physiological act of 'opening the gates to your ears‘ understanding--assigning meaning to the messages received remembering--the storing of meaningful information (Marvin Gottlieb, Managing Group Process. Praeger, 2003)

14. What did you say (IN) FORMALITY REGISTER Socialization Process Superficial (introductory) acts Deepening process

15. Socialization is the process by which children and adults learn from others. We begin learning from others during the early days of life; and most people continue their social learning all through life (unless some mental or physical disability slows or stops the learning process). Sometimes the learning is fun, as when we learn a new sport, art or musical technique from a friend we like. At other times, social learning is painful, as when we learn not to drive too fast by receiving a large fine for speeding. M

16. The concept of register The difference between "formal" and "informal" is not that between "grammatical" and "ungrammatical." The difference is best understood as an instance of what linguists call register.The speaker of any language learns at a very young age that certain speech situations call for certain ways of putting words together. A child of six or seven will speak one way to fellow children, another way to parents, and perhaps even a third way to teachers. Adults speak one way to children and another way to adult friends and colleagues.

17. SPEAKER/EMISSOR INFORMAL CONTEXT FORMAL CONTEXT DIFFERENT BEHAVIOUR

18. INTERACTION It is the combination of two activities that people do but rarely combine in the same thought: language and interaction. It does not happen in isolation; it involves people doing things and influencing each other by what they do. To combine these two in a single thought means asking: How does social interaction happen through language?  

19. Because language is used in social interaction it has important consequences in people's lives - individuals form communities of people who share similar values and ways of using language, and people learn to become members of those communities. Language is the key to social interaction, one the most effective ways to deal with more and more complex situations

21. Inviting Someone to Come to Your House for Dinner (Informal) Wanna come over for dinner tonight? (Wanna = want to) Wanna pop over for a quick dinner? How about coming over for dinner tonight? Care to come over for dinner tonight? Inviting Someone to Come to Your House for Dinner (More formal) Would you like to come over for dinner tonight? Would you care to join us for dinner at our house tonight? I was just wondering if you would like to come over for dinner tonight. Please come over for dinner tonight. We'd be delighted to have you over for dinner tonight.

22. Accepting an Invitation (Informal) Sure.  What time? Why not?  When do you want me to be there? Sure.  When should I be there? Yes!  Want me to bring something? I'd love to.  I'll bring dessert. Accepting an Invitation (More formal) Thank you!  I'd love to.  Would you like me to bring anything? Thank you very much!  I'd be delighted to.  What time should I be there? Oh, certainly!  Thank you.  Do I need to bring anything?

23. Declining an Invitation (Informal) I can't.  I have to work. Tonight's no good.  I have an appointment. I'm busy tonight.  Can I take a raincheck on that?  (*raincheck: if someone invites you to dinner on a night that you are busy, you can say, "Can I take a raincheck?"  This means that you hope they will invite you again on another night.) Declining an Invitation (More formal) I'd love to, but I'm afraid I'm busy tonight. I'd love to, but I already have plans tonight.

24. Dialog 1:  (between 2 co-workers) Ann:  Bob and I are having a little get-together at our place tonight .  Wanna pop over after work? Jim:  Sure, why not?  What time do you want me to be there? Ann:  Around 6.  Jim:  OK.  Want me to bring something? Ann:  No.  Just bring yourself. Dialog 2:  (between 2 friends) Sam:  Wanna come over for a quick meal tonight?  Tom:  Tonight's no good.  I have a date.  Can I take a raincheck? Sam:  OK.  No problem.  Enjoy your evening! Tom:  You too. 

25. Dialog 3:  (a parent is making an invitation to her son's teacher) Jan:  Mr. Brown, my husband and I were just wondering if you would like to come over for dinner this evening.  Brown:  Oh, thank you!  I'd be delighted to. Jan:  Great!  Could you come over at around 6? Brown:  Sure.  Do I need to bring anything? Jan:  No, but thanks for asking. Brown:  OK.  See you this evening then.

26. Dialog 4:  (a parent is making an invitation to her son's teacher) Jan:  Mr. Brown, my husband and I were just wondering if you would like to come over for dinner this evening.  Brown:  Well, I'd love to, but I have another appointment tonight. Jan:  Oh, that's too bad.  Well, maybe next time then. Brown:  Yeah!  Thank you for asking.  Enjoy your evening!

27. Choose the correct option Emotions and Feelings 1. I used to be so ________, but now I worry about everything.  carefree - nervous - sleepy2. I am so ________ about starting university this year! I can't wait!  depressed – enthusiastic - smart3. I've been pretty ________ with my job, so I'm looking for a new one.  unhappy - satisfied - happy

28. 4. I was ________ with the architecture in Tokyo. It was amazing.  content - excited - impressed5. Katie is very ________ for all the help you have given her.   unhappy - great - grateful6. After we saw that horror movie, I felt ________ all night.  frightened - sympathetic - convinced7. Hey, stop yelling! Why are you so ________?  convinced - upset - flattered

29. 8. I was so ________ watching that movie that I fell asleep twice.  excited - bored - impressed9. When John saw his ex-girlfriend talking to another boy, he became very ________.   afraid - exhausted - jealous10. I got drunk and made a fool of myself at the party. Now I feel ________.   surprised - embarrassed - insulted

30. Common vocabulary mistakes/errors - One or two words? 1 1. They used to live together, but now they live ____________.  a part - apart2. I gave him ____________ of my inheritance.  a part - apart3. That is an ____________ different problem.  all together - altogether4. They were sitting ____________ in the living room.  Altogether - all together

31. 5. I would be able to single out ____________ song of theirs that I like best.  any one - anyone6. I don't see ____________ here that I know.  any one - anyone7. He spoke to me in ____________ that made me feel very special.  a way - away8. He will be ____________ for the next two weeks.  Away - a way

32. 9. I'm ____________ tired.   all ready - already10. I'm ____________ to go.  Already - all ready

33. Fill in all the gaps using the new vocabulary: cynical      eccentric      egotistical      imaginative      indecisive      picky      sensible      sensitive      sophisticated      thoughtful Robin: Did you meet that guy, Richard, at the party last night? Michele: Oh my God, he was so_____ . He kept talking about how intelligent he was and how much money he made. He even said he was thinking about becoming a professional model. Like that's ever going to happen!

34. Robin: And Brad, the artist from New York, he was rather_____ ! He told me he sculpts and paints nothing but frogs. He even said he wanted to introduce a new line of frog jewelry. That's a little odd. Michele: He wasn't strange at all. I thought he was very_____ . You have to be really creative to become such a successful artist. He was also incredibly _____  - he almost started crying as he told me about his art. By the way, look at the ring he gave me. 

35. Robin: He gave you a frog ring? That's the ugliest thing I've ever seen! Michele: It is not! I think it's really _____ . He said his jewelry is the latest trend among the New York elite. Wasn't that _____ of him to give me one of his creations?Robin: Not really, I think he just wanted some free advertising.Michele: My God, you are so _____ ! Wasn't there anybody you liked at the party? Robin: Yeah, Bill was really nice. He was the only _____ , clear-thinking person I met there. 

36. Michele: Oh, the waitress is coming. Have you decided what to order?  Robin: I'm not sure what to order. I just can't decide what I want. Michele: You're so _____. Nothing is ever good enough for you. Robin: That's not true! I'm just a little _____ . Michele: Well, you need to decide soon so we can order. I'm starving!

37. Fill in all the gaps using the new vocabulary blended      decaf      fad     hangout    overpriced   popped up      sipping      to appeal to      to chat      trendy    1. She decided not to buy the dress because she thought it was _____ . 2. The musical production creatively _____  opera, rock, jazz, and traditional folk music. 3. Order me a_____ coffee. I want to be able to sleep tonight. 4. Everybody who's anybody wants to get into that new night club, but it doesn't appeal to me. It's way too _____ . 

38. 5. Every year, some _____ sweeps the nation. This year, all the kids are trading cards with strange cartoon characters on them. 6. She sat in the café ______ wine and watching the people walk by. 7. The travel agency has created many tours which are designed ____ people over 65. 8. It's fun _____ online. You can meet people from all over the world and learn about their lives. It's also a good way to practice your foreign language skills. 

39. 9. That little café on the corner is our favorite _____ . We meet there two or three times a week after work. 10. The computer virus ______ in computers throughout the city. Nobody knew where it had originated.

40. The Ten Best Vocabulary Learning Tips • Read, Read, Read! • Improve your context skills. • Practice, practice, practice • Make up as many associations and connections as possible. • Use mnemonics ( memory tricks) • Get in the habit of looking up words you don't know. • Play with words • Use vocabulary lists • Take vocabulary tests • Get excited about words