Water Productivity of Irrigated Agriculture in India: Potential areas for improvement

1. Water Productivity of Irrigated Agriculture in India: Potential areas for improvement M. Dinesh Kumar, O.P. Singh, Madar Samad, Chaitali Purohit and Malkit Singh Didyala

2. Objectives of the Study • Marginal productivity of water for certain crops with irrigation water allocation and fertilizer inputs; • Spatial variation in average productivity of crops vis-à-vis agro-climatic regions; and • Comparative average water productivity with different sources of irrigation which represent different degrees of control over water delivery.

3. Hypothesis • Better reliability and adequacy of irrigation can improve yield and water productivity of irrigated crops through better agronomic practices and better water management • Better control over water and fertilizers can ensure water productivity improvements in irrigated crops, as water application regime might correspond to either ascending or descending part of the water productivity response curve to irrigation and nutrient inputs.

4. Water Productivity in Irrigated Agriculture in Indian River Basins • Complex concepts of water productivity in international parleys • Water Productivity Assessments in Irrigated Agriculture • Case studies of Water productivity at the farm level • Determinants of water productivity variations • Crop yield --inputs such as nutrients and water (increases with ET) • Water depleted –water applied, depletion fraction • Net returns

5. Causes of productivity variations across farmers • Yield and water productivity Responses to Applied Water • Yield and water productivity response to fertilizer dosage • Changes in water productivity due to changes in quality • Water productivity variations across regions due to climatic advantages

6. How to Enhance Water Productivity in Irrigated Crops? • Improving control over water delivery and its potential impact • Changes in input use and potential impacts on water productivity • Potential impacts of improving quality of irrigation and water allocation • Allocating water across regions and productivity gains at the basin level

7. Potential Crops/Areas in India for Improving Irrigated Water Productivity • Possible crops and areas for increasing irrigated water productivity • Regions which receive intensive canal irrigation are regions that should get priority in water productivity improvements • Water-intensive crops grown in these regions; • “Poor water control”; and • Poor quality of irrigation • Basin level potential for improvements in water productivity • Implications of water productivity change on water demand and supply drivers

8. Thank you

9. Applied Water Productivity in Wheat in three River Basin Locations in India

10. Applied Water Productivity in Paddy in 3 Selected River Basins in India

11. Water Use Vs Yield (Wheat 2003) in Hoshangabad

12. Water Use Vs Water Productivity

13. Fertilizer Use Vs Crop Yield

14. Fertilizer Use and Water Productivity

15. Differential Water Productivity with Varying Quality of Irrigation in Punjab

16. Region-wise Productivity of Applied Water in Narmada River Basin for Selected Crops

17. Region-wise Productivity of Applied Water for different crops in Sabarmati River Basin

18. Yield1 Yield Yield/ Water Productivity Non-beneficial depletion WP WP1 Applied Water Y2 Y3 Y Y1