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Chapter 3 Concise History of SQL

Chapter 3 Concise History of SQL. IFS180.81 Intro. to Data Management. History of DBMS. Hierarchical Database Structure Where structure is formed by data groups, subgroups, and further subgroups Strength – capturing and storing transactional data

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Chapter 3 Concise History of SQL

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  1. Chapter 3Concise History of SQL IFS180.81 Intro. to Data Management

  2. History of DBMS • Hierarchical Database Structure • Where structure is formed by data groups, subgroups, and further subgroups • Strength – capturing and storing transactional data • Major weakness – difficult for ad-hoc or on-demand queries

  3. History of DBMS DEPT # Dept Name Reports To Manager Budget Emp # Emp Name Dept # Sex Salary Grade Job# Job Description Child Name Age Sex Job Date Title Salary Date Salary System / Program had to navigate forward / backward thru branches

  4. History of DBMS • Network Database Structure • Developed to allow retrieval of specific records • Utilizes a system of ‘Pointers’ (RRN’s) • No longer had to follow branches • Major weakness – maintenance of Pointers

  5. History of DBMS Extremely Fast for Querying Data, Slow for TPS 1 2 3 4 5

  6. History of DBMS • Relational DBMS – 1970 Codd & Date • Based Upon relational algebra and Set Theory from 1800’s. • Sets of object are considered as a whole • Relational algebra (simplest form) are truth tables. And / Or / Nor • Fast ad-hoc queries and TP

  7. History of SQL • English like Query Language was developed to manipulate data in RDBMS (structured query language) • Relational Software (aka Oracle) • Cal Berkley (INGRES) • IBM (DB/2)

  8. History of SQL • American National Standards Institute (ANSI) SQL Standard:

  9. History of SQL • Even though SQL is a standard, all major vendors have their version • Oracle = PL/SQL • IBM = SQL PL • Microsoft = Transact SQL

  10. History of SQL • Why so many versions of SQL Implementations? • Size / Complexity of ANSI Standard • Missing components from STD (Indexing) • Ambiguity of standard • Backwards compatibility • Need to be careful and know what vendor you are working with

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