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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Theories of Personality. Section 1. The trait approach. The Trait Approach. Trait -an aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable. Assumed to account for consistent behavior in different situations Traits are somehow fixed or unchanging

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Theories of Personality

  2. Section 1 The trait approach

  3. The Trait Approach • Trait-an aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable. • Assumed to account for consistent behavior in different situations • Traits are somehow fixed or unchanging • Where do traits come from????? • That is the question

  4. Ancient Greek Physician-Hippocrates • Body contains fluid called humors • Traits are a mixture of bodily fluids • Yellow bile- quick tempered disposition • Blood- warm and cheerful temperament • Phlegm- sluggish and cool disposition • Black bile-melancholic, thoughtful temperament • Diseases and disorders reflected a lack of balance of fluids • Bloodletting and vomiting were recommended to restore balance

  5. Gordon Allport • Cataloged 18,000 words that describe a person • Physical – Behavior- Morality • Traits were inherited and fixed in the nervous system • Traits are the building blocks of personality • A person’s behavior is the product of a particular combination of traits

  6. Hans Eysenck • Focused on the relationship- Two personality dimensions • Introversion- extroversion • emotional stable-unstable • Introverts-imaginative, look inward for ideas and energy • Extroverts- active, self-expressive, gain energy from interaction with others

  7. Continue --Hans Eysenck • Stable- reliable, composed and rational • Unstable- agitated and unpredictable

  8. Eysenck’s Personality Dimensions

  9. The Big 5 factor model • Extroversion-talkativeness, assertiveness/ silence, passivity, reserve • Agreeableness-kindness trust warm/ hostility, selfishness and distrust • Conscientiousness-organized, thoroughness , reliability/ carelessness, negligence, unreliability • Emotional stability-instability--reliability, coping ability /nervousness, moodiness, sensitivity to negative events • Openness to experience-imagination/ curiosity, creativity/ shallowness lack of perceptiveness

  10. Evaluation of the Trait Approach • Shortcoming • Describes personality- does not explain where traits come from • Today- focuses on describing traits rather than tracing their origins or investigating how people can change for the better • Positive – links between personality, abilities and interests, • Used to link people to educational programs and jobs

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