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Chapter One: Introducing the World’s Largest Industry, Tourism

Chapter One: Introducing the World’s Largest Industry, Tourism. Learning Objectives. Understand and explain the basic definition of tourism Identify the major participants and forces shaping the tourism industry Explain the historical factors that encouraged the development of tourism

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Chapter One: Introducing the World’s Largest Industry, Tourism

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  1. Chapter One: Introducing the World’s Largest Industry, Tourism Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  2. Learning Objectives • Understand and explain the basic definition of tourism • Identify the major participants and forces shaping the tourism industry • Explain the historical factors that encouraged the development of tourism • Explain the impact of physical, human, and regional geography on tourism activities • Explain why tourism should be studied from marketing, management and financial perspectives • Identify future challenges and opportunities facing the tourism industry • Discuss career prospects in the tourism industry Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  3. Services and Tourism • Service and Tourism go hand in hand • Growth rate of services sector faster than any other • Tourism is the leader in the production of new jobs • Tourism has developed an important part of the economic foundation of many countries Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  4. What is Tourism? • “Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs” Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  5. A Tourism Model • Dynamic and interrelated nature of tourism • The traveling public (tourists) are the focal point (heart) of the model • Tourism promoters link the traveling public with the suppliers of services • Tourism suppliers provide the services that tourists need when they travel • External forces affect all participants in tourism; tourists, promoters and suppliers Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  6. The History of Tourism • Early travelers migrated for food and hunting • Phoenicians, Olmecs, early Chinese traveled for trade and military control • The Empire Era • Affluent population with time and money to travel • Safe and easy travel • Widely accepted currencies • Widely used languages • Legal system which protects personal safety Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  7. The History of Tourism, continued • The Middle Ages (5th to 14th centuries) and the Renaissance Era (14th to 16th centuries) • Transportation and safety declined • Less acceptance of currencies and less knowledge of common languages • Some travel by crusaders to Holy Land • Marco Polo’s historic travels in the late 13th century • Increased interest in travel for commerce and pleasure Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  8. The History of Tourism, continued • The Grand Tour Era (1613 to 1785 A.D.) • Trend of luxurious travel started by wealthy English • Developed as a status symbol and spread throughout Europe • Goal was to experience the “civilized world” and study the arts and sciences • These travels often lasted for several years • Growth in travel for business reasons Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  9. The History of Tourism, continued • The Mobility Era (1800-1944) • Growing economic prosperity • Increase in systems, modes, and speeds of travel (roads, railroads, steamships) • Thomas Cook developed tour packages for mass travel • Invention of automobile and airplane expanded freedom to travel Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  10. The History of Tourism, continued • The Modern Era (1945 to present) • Paid vacations introduced in the early 1900’s made leisure travel possible for working and middle classes • Millions of people were introduced to international travel during World War II • Postwar prosperity made mass ownerships of automobiles possible • Advent of jet travel shortened travel time • Time, money, safety and interest in travel led to unparalleled growth of tourism • Development of mass tourism Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  11. Bringing Tourism into Focus • Typical reasons for travel • Vacation and leisure trips • Visits to friends and relatives • Business and professional trips • Host community affected by tourism • Can study tourism from a variety of perspectives • Wide variety of questions relating to tourism need to be answered • Technology having unprecedented affect on tourism industry Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  12. Geography Describes the Traveler’s World • Physical geography- study of natural features of region • Human geography- study of a region’s cultures and peoples • Regional geography-combination of physical and human geography Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  13. Studying Tourism from Business Perspectives • Marketing • Management • Finance Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  14. Tourism’s Challenges and Opportunities • Encourage growth of tourism as it creates jobs and brings money into the community or country. • It also serves an important need for the consumer. • May change social structure • Unplanned tourism can lead to excessive demands of transportation, public services and degrade the environment. Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

  15. Where do you fit in? • Projected to remain the world’s largest industry. • Travel and tourism sales will grow at a rate of 4.1% a year through the year 2020. • Have the choice of working in a really fun place! Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved

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