1 / 31

Microprocessor and Interfacing 261313

Microprocessor and Interfacing 261313. Introduction to Microprocessors II. http://www.e-cpe.org/moodle. What is this?. Liquid Nitrogen. Gigabyte 2009 Overclock Champion. 3.3 GHz --> 5.3 GHz. 2010 – When Overclocking goes beyond the CPU. The Winner. What Makes a CPU Hot?. Clock Frequency

lela
Download Presentation

Microprocessor and Interfacing 261313

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Microprocessor and Interfacing261313 Introduction to Microprocessors II http://www.e-cpe.org/moodle

  2. What is this?

  3. Liquid Nitrogen

  4. Gigabyte 2009 Overclock Champion 3.3 GHz --> 5.3 GHz

  5. 2010 – When Overclocking goes beyond the CPU

  6. The Winner

  7. What Makes a CPU Hot? • Clock Frequency • Transistor Size

  8. How does a CPU’s transistor look like ?

  9. Regular Microscope

  10. Scanning Electron Microscope

  11. A Single Transistor

  12. Pentium Hack Done by former Motorola Engineers (makers of chips for MACs back in the day)

  13. Processor Fabrication Technology 1997 2008 2011

  14. Pentium 2 – Slot Footprint

  15. Moore’s Law (1965) “The number of transistors on a chip will double about every two years.”

  16. Moore’s Law True for 40 Years

  17. The Next 20 Years Transistor Count (Billion) Year

  18. Why more transistors? Pentium Core i7

  19. Transistor Usage • Larger Cache • Core i7 has up to 12Mb L3 Cache (6 Core CPUs) • More Cores • Core i7 has up to 6 CPU cores • Other core types, such as GPUs • More Complex CPU Features • Extended SIMD Instruction Set (MMX, SSE, etc) • Advanced Optimizations (Branch Prediction, OoOE, etc)

  20. System Performance is More than CPU Speed

  21. 1. All CPUs are NOT Created Equal Pipeline Example: 10 Stages vs 20 Stages 10 Clock Cycle per 1 instruction 20 Clock Cycle per 1 instruction

  22. 2. The overall speed of a system is determined by the slowest component

  23. How does the program data flow? Hello.exe Printf(“Hello World”);

  24. Execution Data flow CPU RAM Hello.exe Chipset HDD GPU(Display)

  25. 6.4 GB/s 8.5 GB/s

  26. What is a Bottleneck?

  27. 25.6 GB/s

  28. RAM GPU(Integrated) CPU Hello.exe Chipset HDD GPU(Discrete)

  29. Component Speeds • RAM • DDR2 - 4.2 GB/s • DDR3 – 8.4 GB/s • Hard Drive • SATA1.5 – 150 MB/s • SATA3 – 300 MB/s

  30. Conclusions:วิธีต่างๆ ในการเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพของ CPU • เพิ่มความเร็วสัญญาณนาฬิกา • ต้องระวังความร้อน • ยิ่งผลิตขนาด CPU เล็กก็จะยิ่งกินไฟน้อย • เพิ่มจำนวน transistor เพื่อใส่ความาสามารถใหม่ๆ • ลดคอขวดในระบบโดยการเพิ่มความเร็วส่วนประกอบต่างๆ ให้ไม่ทิ้งห่าง CPU จนเกินไป • ใช้ Cache และเทคนิคอื่นๆ เพื่อลดการใช้งาน ส่วนประกอบที่ช้า

More Related