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Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.D WiMax and other technologies

Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.D WiMax and other technologies. IEEE 802 Active Working Groups and Study Groups. 802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group Link Security Executive Committee Study Group is now part of 802.1 802.3 Ethernet Working Group 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group

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Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.D WiMax and other technologies

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  1. Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.DWiMax and othertechnologies

  2. IEEE 802 Active Working Groups and Study Groups • 802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group • Link Security Executive Committee Study Group is now part of 802.1 • 802.3 Ethernet Working Group • 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group • 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working Group • 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group • 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group • 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG • 802.19 Coexistence TAG • 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working Group • 802.21 Media Independent Handoff Working Group • 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks

  3. “Regional Area Network” RAN IEEE 802.22 40 km 25 μsec 18 Mbps BW= 6,7,8 MHz 54 - 862 MHz IEEE Standards

  4. IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPAN • IEEE Std 802.15.1™-2002 - 1Mb/s WPAN/Bluetooth v1.x derivative work • 802.15.2™- Recommended Practice for Coexistence in Unlicensed Bands • 802.15.3™ - 20+ Mb/s High Rate WPAN for Multimedia and Digital Imaging • 802.15.3a™ - 110+ Mb/s Higher Rate Alternative PHY for 802.15.3 • 802.15.4™ - 200 kb/s max for interactive toys, sensor and automation needs  ZigBee

  5. IEEE802.16Standardization Overview • 802.16: • the original standard, published in April 2002 • defines a MAC layer and several physical layer specifications. The MAC supports frequency-division-duplex (FDD) and time-division-duplex (TDD), as well as real-time adaptive modulation and coding. Single-carrier modulation. The physical layer of the standard covers the spectrum from 10 to 66 GHz, which includes the LMDS (Local MultipointDistributionService) bands. The high frequencies limit the use to line-of-sight (LOS). • 802.16a: • a completed amendment that extends the physical layer to the 2 to 11GHz spectrum range (includes both licensed and unlicensed bands). • the 802.16a standard also specifies three possible modulations: single carrier, OFDM and OFDMA. The lower frequencies allow non-line of sight (NLOS) formats, which can also be helped by OFDM's ability to handle multipath signals. Range can be up to 30 km, with cell footprints in the 4 to 6 km range. Total data rate can be up to 75 Mb/s in each 20MHz channel.

  6. IEEE802.16Standardization Overview(2) • 802.16c: • profiles, conformance standards, and test suites for 802.16 (10-66GHz) implementations. The profiles are published, the conformance tests have concluded sponsor ballot. • 802.16REVd: • full revision of 802.16 and 802.16a/d, covering the full LOS and NLOS range (2-66 GHz); currently in sponsor balloting process • includes system profiles for 2-11GHz implementations • 802.16e: • a nascent effort to extend the 802.16a standard for portability (mobile clients) • Working group letter ballot launched on 15.01.2004 • For details see: http://www.ieee802.org/16/milestones/index.html

  7. WiMAX Forum • The 802.16 family of standards is officially called WirelessMAN, it has been dubbed “WiMAX” by an industry group called the “The WiMAX Forum”. The mission of the Forum is to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products. • WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access • It is a non-profit organization • It was formed in 2003 • It has more than 110 members such as Alcatel, AT&T, Intel, Nortel, Motorola, SBC, Siemens, and so forth.. • Mission: To promote deployment of BWA by using a global standard and certifying interoperability of products and technologies. WiMAX is for 802.16REVd what WiFi is for 802.11Certified™Interoperability

  8. WiMAX Applications (1) • Extending existing services in... • White zone DSL areas • Rural and Sub-urban areas • Urban areas (city coverage) • Hot Spots • Introducing basic services in ... • developing countries (new service) • wireless telephony • IP services • List of Broadband Wireless Internet Access (BWIA) / WiMAX Service Providers • http://www.bwiaserviceproviders.com/ • Spain: • http://www.iberbanda.es/ • http://www.clearwire.es/ • http://www.neo-sky.com/ solving economical, technical and political issues in low density areas (‘digital divide‘) nomadic / portable broadband services

  9. WiMAX: Nomadicity & Mobility • Nomadicity within WiMAX system • Covered by 802.16REVd • Non Real Time Service Continuity offered • Mobility within WiMAX system • 802.16e (not yet fixed) • Mobility issues handled on MAC layer, micromobility • Mobility in heterogeneous systems • Mobility issues handled on IP layer (mobile IP), macromobility • 802.21 handoff group: developing standards to enable handover and interoperability between heterogeneous network type, including both 802 and non 802 networks

  10. Caso de Estudio: Equipo Alemán de la Copa America • Balizas meteorológicas proporcionadas por la organización las zonas de regatas. Los Datos se consultan en tiempo real, con una conexión normal a internet. Cada Equipo decide su forma de conexión y obtiene los datos de viento. • El meteorólogo, en un barco de apoyo, obtiene los datos, los analiza y sugiere al capitán de la embarcación de competición cual es la mejor opción para una regata óptima. • Problemas: • Coste Económico, ya que estos equipos de alta competición entrenan a diario. • Ancho de banda y distancia hasta la costa. En ocasiones, estando alejados de la costa, llegaba a estar por debajo de los 128Kbps de bajada. Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

  11. Propuesta • Implantación de un sistema Wimax. • Ancho de banda en ocasiones superior a 1Mb/s. • Distancias de hasta 8 km. • Mobilidad. Velocidades de hasta 60Km/h. • Posibilidad de añadir otros servicios. Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

  12. Campo de Regatas Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

  13. Materiales • La Antena • Normalmente la antena se sitúa en una torre de comunicación, aunque en nuestro caso, se ha instalado sobre un mástil, en la terraza del edificio que tiene el equipo en el puerto de Valencia. • Funciona en la banda seleccionada y dispone de dos pequeñas “orejas” que nos permite dirigir la señal y cerrar el ángulo de salida hasta los 60º o abrirlo hasta los 120º. Lo que influye en el rendimiento final y la distancia alcanzada. Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

  14. Materiales (2) • La Estación Base • Codificación y Decodificación de la señal. • Se le conecta la antena por un lado y la interconexión con otras redes por otro. En nuestro caso, se instaló un router Linksys que nos daba acceso a Internet por ONO. • Da soporte de red a todos aquellos dispositivos que se conectan a Wimax. • Se puede acceder a un puerto RS-232 de comunicación y configurar todos los terminales que se podrán ir conectando con la Estación Base. • No dispone de DHCP. Toda la configuración de la red se hace de forma manual. Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

  15. Materiales (3) • Terminales • Enlace de comunicación entre la antena de la Estación Base y los puestos de trabajo. • Solo se encargan de la comunicación desde y hacia Wimax. • Se configuran automáticamente desde la Estación Base. • Cada Terminal a su vez configura una subred dentro de la topología de Wimax. Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

  16. IEEE Communications Magazine, June 2002 (available on 802.16 web site) IEEE Standard 802.16: Tutorial

  17. IEEE 802.20 MBWAan overview • MBWA Working Group was approved on the 11th of December 2002 • To prepare a formal specification for a packed-based air interface designed for IP-based services with peak data rates per user in excess of 1 Mbps • Will address MBWA in licensed bands below 3.5 GHz MBWA • Could provide commuters with reliable high-speed wireless voice and data links from trains and cars travelling at up to 250km/h (155miles/h).

  18. The vision of the IEEE 802.20

  19. IEEE 802.21 • 802.21 is an IEEE emerging standard. The standard supports algorithms enabling seamless handover between networks of the same type as well as handover between different network types also called Media Independent Handover (MIH). The standard provides information to allow handing over to and from cellular, GSM, GPRS, WiFi, Bluetooth and 802.11 networks through different handover mechanisms. • Some of the expectations • Allow roaming between 802.11 networks and 3G cellular networks. • Allow users to engage in ad hoc teleconferencing. • Apply to both wired and wireless networks. • Allow for use by multiple vendors and users. • Although security algorithms and security protocols will not be defined in the standard, authentication, authorization, and network detection and selection will be supported by the protocol

  20. Network Discovery Network Selection Service Discovery Layer 2 Connectivity IP Connectivity Packet Reception • Binding Update • Context Transfer • Probes/Beacons, Authentication, Association, 4-way Handshake • DHCP, Duplicate Address Detection • Network Activation Triggers • Information Discovery • (Neighbor Graphs, Available Services) • User/Operator Policies Genesis for 802.21 Steps in (Multi-Radio) Heterogeneous Handovers Handover Preparation Handover Execution Handover Detection & Handover Initiation Scope of 802.21 802.21 helps with Handover Initiation and Preparation, Handover Execution is outside scope of 802.21

  21. 802.21: Media Independent Handovers • Value Proposition • Maintain connectivity • Lower power • Anytime, Always, Best connected • Optimize Handovers (WiFi<>WiMax<>Cellular) • Network Discovery & Selection • Session and Service continuity • Device <> Network co-operation • Key work items • Link layer triggers • Information Service • Handover Commands • MIH Function APPLICATIONS VoIP/RTP Connection Management Handover Policy Fast Handoff Mobility Management Protocols IETF 802.21 MIH Function Smart Triggers Power Management Information Service IEEE 802.21 Handover Messages Information Service L2 Triggers and Events Protocol and Device Hardware WLAN Cellular WMAN

  22. IEEE 802.22 • Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) • 802.22 is to define: • MAC: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control • PHY: Physical Layer specifications • Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands • “This standard specifies the air interface, including the medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of fixed point-to-multipoint wireless regional area networks operating in the VHF/UHF TV broadcast bands between 54 MHz and 862 MHz.”

  23. IEEE 802.22 – Planned Cognition • Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) • Aimed at bringing broadband access in rural and remote areas • Takes advantage of better propagation characteristics at VHF and low-UHF • Takes advantage of unused TV channels that exist in these sparsely populated areas (Opportunistic spectrum usage) • 802.22 specifications • TDD OFDMA PHY • DFS, sectorization, TPC • Policies and procedures for operation in the VHF/UHF TV Bands between 54 MHz and 862 MHz • Target spectral efficiency: 3 bps/Hz • Point-to-multipoint system • 100 km coverage radius • Devices • Base Station (BS) • Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) • Master/Slave relation • BS is master • CPE slave • Max Transmit CPE 4W

  24. 802.22: Cognitive Aspects • Observation • Aided by distributed sensing (subscriber units return data to base) • Digital TV: -116 dBm over a 6 MHz channel • Analog TV: -94 dBm at the peak of the NTSC (National Television System Committee) picture carrier • Wireless microphone: -107 dBm in a 200 kHz bandwidth. • Possibly aided by spectrum usage tables • Orientation • Infer type of signals that are present • Decision • Frequencies, modulations, power levels, antenna choice (omni and directional) • Policies • 4 W Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) • Spectral masks, channel vacation times

  25. Mobile Broadband Technologies are Emerging

  26. 3G-WCDMA Mobile Broadband Evolution DL: ~141Mbps UL: ~50Mbps LTE DL: ~42Mbps UL: ~11Mbps ~100 ms HSPA+ DL: ~14.4Mbps UL: ~5.76Mbps HSPA ~70 ms DL: ~384Kbps UL: ~384Kbps ~45 ms ~15ms 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 or later Increasing Bandwidth Decreasing Latency

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