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SLOW Processes that Shape the Earth PART 2. EROSION

SLOW Processes that Shape the Earth PART 2. EROSION. Mrs. Wright Hugh B. Bain Middle School Cranston, RI. Earth - developed over long periods of time through continual change processes. STUDENTS: Evaluate slow processes of 1) weathering 2) erosion and 3) mountain building.

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SLOW Processes that Shape the Earth PART 2. EROSION

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  1. SLOW Processes that Shape the EarthPART 2. EROSION Mrs. Wright Hugh B. Bain Middle School Cranston, RI

  2. Earth - developed over long periods of time through continual change processes. STUDENTS: • Evaluate slow processes of 1) weathering 2) erosion and 3) mountain building. The following slides are on erosion. • Determine how the earth has changed and will continue to change over time.

  3. EROSIONProcess by which natural forces or agents (wind, water, ice, or gravity) move weathered rock and soil from one place to another Sediment Deposition Material moved by erosion (pieces of rock, soil, plant, & animal) Occurs where agents of erosion deposit sediment & changes shape of land cover0116‑sediment.jpg creek edge showing tiers of sediment deposition & gravel northcoastjournal.com

  4. Causes of Erosion 1. Gravity 2. Running Water 3. Glaciers 4. Waves 5. Wind

  5. 1. Gravity What is gravity ? Force that moves rock and other materials downhill causing mass movement

  6. Types of Mass Movement Caused by Gravity A. Landslides B. Mudflows C. Slump D. Creep

  7. A .a FAST Process Landslides Occurs when rock & soil slide quickly down a steep slope Most destructive landslide.jpg In my earlier post, we discussed the causes of landslides. kshitija.wordpress.com

  8. B. a FAST Process Mudflows • Rapid downhill movement of a mixture of water, rock, & soil ueol_02_img0070.jpg scienceclarified.com

  9. C. a FAST Process Slump Mass of rock & soil suddenly slips down a slope in one large mass (often when water soaks bottom of clay soil) slump1.jpgSlump at Double Ditch - April, 1988 (Burleigh County, N.D.) more mass ... umt.edu

  10. D. Creep Very slow downhill movement of rock & soil (often from freezing & thawing of water in cracked layers of rock beneath soil creep_kathryn1.jpg shoop2010.weebly.com

  11. 2. Running Water Major agent of erosion that shaped Earth’s land surface Raindrops loosen soil & carry particles. splash_eriosion.jpgRaindrop

  12. Runoff Water that runs over the Earth’s surface runoff.jpg Surface runoff absoluteastronomy.com

  13. Forms of Runoff (smallest to largest): Rills →Gullies→Streams → Rivers → Lake

  14. Running Water - Runoff Rill → rill.jpg

  15. Gully → • A channel with water only after it rains runoff‑670291.jpg

  16. Stream → 9907_05_15‑‑‑Stream_web.jpgStream freefoto.com

  17. River→ falls‑river‑towards‑sheep‑falls.jpgrivers flyfishingfrenzy.com

  18. Lake → Vg‑025.jpglarge lake shannontech.com

  19. Rivers Through erosion, rivers can create a variety of features falls‑river‑towards‑sheep‑falls.jpg rivers flyfishingfrenzy.com

  20. River Features A. Valleys B. Waterfalls C. Floodplains D. Meanders E. Oxbow lakes

  21. A. Valley Elongated low area between hills formed by a stream 258530373_87b9bf351d.jpg KulluValley's Beas River formed... flickr.com

  22. B. Waterfall Occur where a river meets rock that erodes slowly & flows over softer rock downstream waterfallLG.jpg Largest waterfall in Lesotho, Africa todayscampus.com

  23. C. Floodplain Flat, wide area of land along river. Lower down on its course where land slopes gently, river spreads out forming a river valley Floodplains here floodplain.jpgfloodplain belmont.sd62.bc.ca 

  24. D. Meander Loop-like bend in the river (S shape - Mississippi) meander_word_picture.jpgMeandering csahf.blogspot.com 

  25. E. Oxbow Lake Meander that has been cut off from the river Horseshoe shape Oxbow_lake,Yamal_Peninsula,Russia.JPG dic.academic.ru agilogy.com

  26. Oxbow Lake During a flood, high water finds a straighter pass downstream As water falls, sediments dam up ends of meander Forming an Oxbow 111232009.jpg Oxbow Lakes Kentucky, United States ... geocaching.com

  27. 3. Glaciers What are glaciers? Any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land

  28. Types of Glaciers A. Continental Glaciers B. Valley Glaciers

  29. A. Continental Glacier Covers much of a continent Flow in all directions as they move (like pancake batter in frying pan) In distant past – covered one third of Earth’s land Have advanced, then retreated (last time - 10,000 yrs ago), or melted back, several times ContinentalIce.jpg The Continental Ice Sheet is the most significant of all the glacial agents ... homepage.montana.edu

  30. B. Valley Glacier Long & narrow glacier Forms when snow & ice build up high in a mountain valley Sides of mountain keep them from spreading out in all directions Usually move down valleys already cut by rivers Much smaller than continental glaciers Tidewater‑Glacier.jpg There are an estimated 100000 valley glaciers travelwithachallenge.com

  31. Processes of Glacial Erosion A. Plucking B. Abrasion

  32. A. Plucking Glacierpicks up rocks as it flows over land; Rock fragments & boulders freeze to glacier bottom & are carried. 030515_75mhadaidh.jpg PLUCKING – a type of erosion. geogars.wordpress.com

  33. B. Abrasion Many rocks remain on bottom & get dragged along Gouges & scratches bedrock striations.jpgAbrasion sometimes results in striations (scratches on the bedrock)… geogars.wordpress.com

  34. Landforms from Glacial Deposition A. Till B. Moraine C. Kettle

  35. A. Till Mixture of sediments (sand, silt, clay, boulders) deposited directly on surface till2.gif Area adjacent to Sherman glacier is covered with a coarse glacial till. pubs.usgs.gov

  36. B. Moraine Till deposited at edges of glacier form ridge (Long Island, NY) 03 river‑thumb‑608x456.jpg Much of New York's Long Island was once the ... blogs.nationalgeographic.com

  37. C. Kettle Depression formed when ice is left in glacial till When ice melts, kettle remains forming ponds or kettle lakes kettle1.gif  The largest kettle shown is ~ 150 feet in diameter. Bering Glacier flows ... pubs.usgs.gov

  38. 4. Waves Form from wind that blows across water’s surface Shape coast through erosion by breaking down rock & transporting sand & other sediment.

  39. Landforms Created by Wave Erosion A. Headland B. Sea Arch C. Sea Cave D. Sea Stack E. Wave Cut Cliff

  40. A. Headland Part of shore sticks out into ocean Made of hard rock that resists erosion longer headland_soldiers_rock.jpg Headland right of Soldier's Rock islaygallery.com

  41. sea‑arch‑volcanoes‑national.jpg Sea arch - Volcanoes National Park tripadvisor.com B. Sea Arch 070906‑045.jpg Ilena in her kayak going through a sea arch(cave) on ...bryanhansel.com the_other_way.1212007260.sea‑arch.jpg Sea arch, Tutukaka, New Zealand. Poor Knights Islands travelpod.com

  42. Folga Skerry.jpg Sea Caves landforms.eu → C. Sea Cave Sand Island Sea Caves.jpg Madeline Island Sea Caves. Top Canoe destination in the world, ... en.petitchef.com ↓ Sea+Cave.jpg Just one of many sea caves seen on the trip. ↓kauai-artist.blogspot.com

  43. D. Sea Stack IMG_3180.jpgSea Stacks ideaphore.org Climbers_on_the_450ft_Sea_Stack_Old_Man_Of_Hoy,_Orkney.jpg Climbers on the 450ft sea stack Old Man Of Hoy, Orkney heason.net

  44. E. Wave Cut Cliff calif_wavecutcliff.jpgwave cut cliff www2.pvc.maricopa.edu

  45. Deposits by Waves A. Beach B. Longshore Drift C. Sandbar D. Barrier Beach

  46. A. Beach EastBeach2.JPG East Beach... riparks.com

  47. B. Long Shore Drift Waves repeatedly hit beach, beach sediment moves down beach with current spit – beach that projects out like a finger result of longshore process CapeFear.jpglongshore drift. geolab.unc.edu dungeness‑spit.jpg  Dungeness Spit, Straight of Juan de Fuca livingwilderness.com

  48. C. Sand Bar Long ridges of sand parallel to shore Australia_Lakeland_Island_Sand_Bar.jpg 735 × 450 - Lakeland Island Sand Bar australiaadventures.com

  49. D. Barrier Beach Form when storm waves pile up large amounts of sand forming long, narrow island parallel to coast 14.jpg Gravel barrier beach, Coombs Cove, Hermitage Peninsula. gsc.nrcan.gc.ca

  50. Wave Terms A. Impact B. Abrasion

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