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IP Network Basics

IP Network Basics. Course Objectives. Grasp the basic knowledge of network Understand network evolution history and classification of network Grasp OSI model and each layer’s function Grasp the function of different kind of network devices and its position. Course Outline.

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IP Network Basics

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  1. IP Network Basics

  2. Course Objectives • Grasp the basic knowledge of network • Understand network evolution history and classification of network • Grasp OSI model and each layer’s function • Grasp the function of different kind of network devices and its position

  3. Course Outline • Chapter I Network Overview • Chapter II OSI Reference Model

  4. Course Contents • Chapter I Network Overview Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network Section 2 Classification of Network

  5. Definition of Network Computer network refers to interconnect ion of separately distributed computers and external communication equipments to form a system for easy information exchanging and resource sharing among multiple pieces of computers. Server Internet IP Hotel Mobile

  6. Internet Network Evolution History Phase 1： 50’s－ 60’s Phase 2：70’s－ 80’s LAN Phase 4： 80’s till now

  7. Course Contents • Chapter I Network Overview Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network Section 2 Classification of Network

  8. Classification of Network Local Area Network (LAN) Metro Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)

  9. LAN • LAN usually covers an area of several kilometers and integrated several independent data devices to enable users to share network resources. • Features: short distance, low latency, high data-transmitting rate and reliable transmission. • The infrastructures of LAN include servers, clients, network equipments and communication media.

  10. MAN • MAN usually covers an area of several kilometers to hundreds of kilometers • Data transmission rate ranged from several Kbit/s to several Gbit/s • Optical fiber is the best transmission media of MAN

  11. WAN • WAN is mainly used to connect LANs, and provide data communication within wide areas. • WAN covers an area of hundreds to thousands of kilometers.

  12. Course Contents • Chapter I Network Overview Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network Section 2 Classification of Network

  13. Course Contents • Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer

  14. OSI Reference Model Overview • OSI RM：Open System Interconnection Reference Model Application Layer Data Transmission between Hosts Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Data Transmission between Networks Network Layer Data-link Layer Physical Layer

  15. Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Data-link Layer Physical Layer Functions of Each Layer 7 Provide communication between application programs 6 Process data format and encryption 5 Establish, maintain and manage sessions Establish end-to-end connection 4 Addressing and routing Network Layer 3 Provide media access and link management 2 Bit stream transmission 1

  16. Application Layer Application Layer Presentation Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Network Layer Data-link Layer Data-link Layer Physical Layer Physical Layer Relationship between Each Layer of OSI Model APDU PPDU SPDU Segment Packet Frame Bits Only peer layers with same protocol are able to communicate.

  17. Data Encapsulation FCS FCS Application Layer Presentation Layer PDU Session Layer Upper Layer Data Segment Transport Layer TCP Header Upper Layer Data Packet Network Layer Upper Layer Data IP Header LLC Header Upper Layer Data Frame Data-link Layer Upper Layer Data MAC Header Bits Physical Layer 0101110101001000010

  18. Data De-encapsulation Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Upper Layer Data Transport Layer Upper Layer Data TCP Header Network Layer TCP+ Upper Layer Data IP Header IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data Data-link Layer LLC Header LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data MAC Header Physical Layer 0101110101001000010

  19. Study Contents • Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer

  20. Physical Layer • Physical Layer is the first and bottom layer of OSI Reference Model. • Physical Layer mainly provides bit stream transmission. • Moves bits between devices • Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables Physical Layer

  21. Function of Physical Layer • Physical Layer also defines: • Media Type • Connector Type • Signal Type

  22. Ethernet/802.3 10Base2—Ethernet thin-wire10Base5—Ethernet thick-wire Host HUB 10BaseT—TP Host

  23. HUB • HUB works on Physical Layer • The work stations connected via HUB are physically Star Topology but Bus Topology logically. • All devices are in one Collision Domain • The more terminals, the more collisions • All devices share the bandwidth • Collision Domain：an assembling of all the workstations on the same cable or of all the nodes on the same physical segment or a group of nodes contending the same bandwidth.

  24. Study Contents • Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer

  25. Data-link Layer • Data-link Layer is the second layer of OSI Reference Model • Mainly responsible to precisely transmit the data packet to Network Layer of destination host. • Combines packets into bytes and bytes to frames • Provides access to media using MAC address • Performs error detection not correction Data-link Layer • Moves bits between devices • Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables Physical Layer

  26. Function of Data-link Layer Data-link Layer defines: • Physical source and destination addresses • Define network topology • Control of frame order • Flow Control

  27. MAC Address # Bytes 8 6 6 2 Variable Length 4 Source address Destination address Data Length FCS Preamble Ethernet II uses “Type” in this field. • 00.d0.d0 xx.xx.xx The manufacturer code assigned by IEEE Distributed by manufacturer • MAC address

  28. Switch/Bridge • Layer 2 Switch and Bridge work on Data-link Layer • Each network segment connected to each port is an individual Collision Domain • All network segments are in one Broadcast Domain • Broadcast Domain：assembly of nodes that receive same broadcast message, able to be classified into one logical network segment with other broadcast nodes.

  29. Study Contents • Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer

  30. Network Layer • Provides logic addressing which routers use for path determination Network Layer IP IPX • Combines packets into bytes and bytes to frames • Provides access to media using MAC address • Performs error detection not correction 802.3 / 802.2 HDLC Data-link Layer • Moves bits between devices • Specifies voltage, rate and pin-out cables EIA/TIA-232V.35 Physical Layer

  31. Functions of Network Layer Network Layer • Defines Logical Address • Addressing and Routing IP, IPX 802.2 FR HDLC Data-link Layer Ethernet 802.3 Physical Layer EIA/TIA-232 v.35

  32. Logical Address(1) Network Layer address is globally unique, constituted by two parts: Network address and Host address. Host address Network address IP address 10. 8.2.48

  33. Logical Address(2) Mask Address 172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0 172 16 122 204 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100 Binary Address 255 255 0 0 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 Binary Mask Network Host

  34. Router Functions: • Logical routing • Select best routing path • Broadcast control • Multicast Control • Flow Control

  35. Course Contents • Chapter II OSI Reference Model Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer

  36. Transport Layer TCP UDP SPX • Provides reliable or unreliable delivery • Performs error correction before retransmit Transport Layer • Provides logical addressing, which routers use for path determination IP IPX Network Layer • Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames • Provides access to media using MAC address • Performs error detection not correction 802.3 / 802.2 HDLC Data-link Layer • Moves bits between devices • Specifies voltage, rate, and pin-out cables EIA/TIA-232V.35 Physical Layer

  37. Function of Transport Layer Functions: • Segment Upper Layer Data • Establish end-to-end connection between application programs • Flow control • Connection-oriented and connectionless Communication Transport Layer TCP UDP SPX Network Layer IP IPX

  38. Connection-oriented Session Sender Receiver Synchronizing Acknowledgement, Synchronizing Acknowledgement Connection Established Data Transmission

  39. Summary • Definition of Network • Network Evolution History • Classification of Networks • OSI Model and Functions of Each Layer • Common Network Devices

  40. Thanks

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