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Challenges in Surgical Simulators

C. Challenges in Surgical Simulators. I. U. Muhammad Muddassir Malik Muhammad Adil Usman SEECS, NUST, Islamabad. School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Sciences & Technology, Pakistan. Survey on Surgical Simulators. C. I. U.

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Challenges in Surgical Simulators

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  1. C Challenges in Surgical Simulators I U Muhammad Muddassir Malik Muhammad AdilUsman SEECS, NUST, Islamabad School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Sciences & Technology, Pakistan Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  2. Survey on Surgical Simulators C I U Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  3. Survey on Surgical Simulators C I U Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  4. System Components C I U Dataset Mechanical Object Tissue Modeling and Characterization Illumination Mechanism Collision Detection Teaching Resources Assessment through metrics and feedback Performance Monitoring Video Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  5. Dataset C I U • Geometric (derived from a scan?) • Triangular • Tetrahedral • Volumetric (CT and MRI) (video) • Multimodal • Biomechanical Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  6. Mechanical Object C I U • Position Tracking (multi degree freedom) • Feedback • Visual • Hepatic • Force • Tactile • Bi-directional Communications • To Ensure Correct Frame rate Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  7. Tissue Modeling and Characterization C I U Biomechanical properties Physics Stress-strain Relationship * Topological Changes with wear and tear (viscoelastic) Inhomogeneous and Direction dependant Tissue Behavior* Fluid and movement (video) Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  8. Illumination Mechanism C I U Global Light and Spot Light Shadows Depth Perception Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  9. Collision Detection C I U • Two stage collision detection (Boundary, Loci) • Collision Types: • Bounding Spheres • Axis-Aligned Bounding Boxes • Oriented (along Eigen Vector) Bounding Box  • Hardware Acceleration for Loci calculation Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  10. Teaching Resources and Assessment C I U • Implementing Laparoscopic Training Manual and specific scenarios • Cues, Feedback and comparisons • Assessment through metrics and qualitative feedback • Errors • Movement • Time • Forces Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  11. Performance C I U Depends on Implementation Platform Study of Hardware and Software resources Dry Run for Efficiency Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  12. Discussion C I U Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  13. Four Modules • Simulation Engine • Based on Simulation Open Framework Architecture • Modeling and Simulation • Basic Training Module • Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery Curriculum for Surgeon Training • Advanced Training Module • Simulation of complex laparoscopic procedures • Videos provided by Holy Family Hospital of different scenarios of laparoscopic surgery • Evaluation Module • Evaluation of surgeons on the basis of simulator training C I U Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  14. The short comings in General • Dataset • Haptic Feedback • Stress-strain Relationship • Topological Changes with wear and tear (viscoelastic) • Inhomogeneous Tissue behaviour • Shadows • Depth Perception • Simulation of Complex procedures C I U Muhammad Muddassir Malik

  15. Major Undecided Issues • Multimodal or Tetrahedral Dataset • Create or Acquire • Laparoscopic Arms to use: No open source communication protocol available C I U Muhammad Muddassir Malik

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