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Asthma

Asthma. Asthma - Characteristics. Disease of the respiratory system Due to: spasm of bronchial smooth muscles, inflammation of bronchial wall, increase mucous secretion Stimuli - allergies, colds, viral infections, smoking, psych. stress, exercise Is not a progressive disease.

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Asthma

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  1. Asthma

  2. Asthma - Characteristics • Disease of the respiratory system • Due to: • spasm of bronchial smooth muscles, inflammation of bronchial wall, increase mucous secretion • Stimuli - allergies, colds, viral infections, smoking, psych. stress, exercise • Is not a progressive disease

  3. Signs & Symptoms of Asthma Attack • tight chest • wheezing • coughing • rapid, shallow breathing • anxiety • tachycardia • pale color • lack of endurance

  4. Exercise Induced Asthma • Onset of S/S w/in 30 min. post exercise • Prevention of symptoms • know environmental conditions • warm-up gradually & cool down • use a bronchodilator

  5. Treatment for Asthma Attack • Calm the patient • Controlled breathing • Drink water • Medications • Bronchodilators • Corticosteroids • Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

  6. Medications - Bronchodilators • Stimulate Beta2 receptors - causes dilation of bronchials • Decrease smooth muscle spasm • For an acute asthma attack **Long term / excessive use causes hyper responsiveness

  7. Bronchodilators - Examples • Administration - Inhalation • (Albuterol) Proventil • (Piributerol) MaxAir • (Salmeterol) Serevent • (Epinephrine) Primatene Mist • (Theophylline) TheoDur, SlowBid • decrease release of prostaglandins • Side effects - nausea, mental confusion, irritability, restlessness

  8. Medications - Corticosteroids • Use prophylactically before asthma attack to decrease release of prostaglandins, decrease responsiveness of smooth muscles in airways • Has no effect on an acute attack

  9. Corticosteroids - Examples • Administration - Inhalation, Ingestion • (Dexamethasone) Decadron • (Cromolyn) Intal, NasalCrom • Azmacort • Tilade • Vanceril • Flonase – allergy corticosteroid

  10. Medications - Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists • Prevents spasm and swelling within the bronchial smooth muscles • Leukotrienes cause constriction of airways & promote mucous secretions • Examples • Singulair • Accolate

  11. Proper use of an inhaler

  12. Diabetes

  13. What is diabetes? • A disease which involves the production or function of insulin • Normal blood sugar level = 80-90mg/100 ml blood

  14. Diabetes - Types • Type II, Non-Insulin Dependent, Adult Onset • 90% of all cases • Predisposing factor – obesity, heredity • Pancreas still produces insulin • Symptoms usually controlled by diet & exercise • Oral Antidiabetic Drugs - stimulates pancreas to produce insulin • Amaryl Glimepiride • Glucophage • Avandia

  15. Diabetes - Types • Type I, Insulin Dependent, Juvenile Onset • Onset before age 30 • Pancreas does not produce insulin • Must take insulin - type & dosage determined by severity & Dr. • Administration • Injection • Implant pumps

  16. Effects of exercise on diabetes • Decreases need for insulin

  17. Associated Conditions • Diabetic Coma • blood sugar elevated • develops over days • S/S - thirst, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, mental confusion, loss of consciousness Ketoacidosis • Rx. - call 911, insulin

  18. Associated Conditions • Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia) • blood sugar level too low • develops rapidly • S/S - physical weakness, moist pale skin, headache, tachycardia, fatigue, hunger, anxiety • Rx. - eat sugar, candy, fruit juice, crackers, • Prevention - eat before practice

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