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Islet Microencapsulation

Islet Microencapsulation. Presented by: Kristen Galea. Outline. Need for Islet microencapsulation Isolation of Islet cells Microencapsulation process Implantation Cost. Where do Islets cells come from?. Pancreas 1 – 1.5 million Islets of Langerhans - 2% of the mass of the pancreas

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Islet Microencapsulation

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  1. Islet Microencapsulation Presented by: Kristen Galea

  2. Outline • Need for Islet microencapsulation • Isolation of Islet cells • Microencapsulation process • Implantation • Cost

  3. Where do Islets cells come from? • Pancreas • 1 – 1.5 million Islets of Langerhans - 2% of the mass of the pancreas • Each Islet contains 2000 – 10000 cells • 75% beta cells, 20% alpha cells, D cells and PP cells (or F cells)

  4. Diabetes • Type 1 diabetes – autoimmune disease • Body kills off the Beta cells • Insulin dependant • Insulin shots do not imitate blood glucose levels of non-diabetics • Approximately $600 000 USD in a diabetics lifetime on medication

  5. What are the Alternatives? • Pancreas Transplant • Invasive surgery • Immunosuppressive drugs required • Islet Transplant • Less invasive surgery than transplant • Immunosuppressive drugs • Microencapsulated Islet Transplant

  6. Microencapsulation is the process of covering singular cells in a capsule Important in Diabetes research Eliminates the need for insulin injections No immunosuppressive drugs are required Microencapsulation

  7. Isolating Islet Cells • Must isolate insulin producing cells from pancreas • Requires a pancreas – high demand for organs • Long and delicate procedure • Do not want to damage cells in the process

  8. Isolation Process • Ricordi Chamber • Add Collagenase (an enzyme) to pancreas • Placed in Chamber for digestion phase • Chamber contains glass beads • Gently agitated • Small pieces are filtered • Continuous circulation of enzyme through the chamber

  9. Isolation Process • Fresh medium is flushed through system to stop enzymatic reaction • Islets are purified • Tested for viability and purity • Sufficient number of cells for transplant • 5000 Islets per kilogram of body weight

  10. Materials for Microencapsulation • Biocompatible • Protect cell from immune rejection • Semipermeable membrane • Allows insulin and nutrients to pass through • Current research • Sodium Alginate – isolated from the seaweed (kelp) Macrocystis pyrifera • Poly L-lysine

  11. Microencapsulation Process • Mixture of cells and sodium alginate is prepared • Passed through an airjet (or needle) • Droplets formed • Placed in a calcium chloride solution where a gel forms

  12. Microencapsulation Process • Gel reacts with Poly L-lysine • Membrane formed around cells • Calcium must be removed from the capsule • Place cells in a Sodium Chloride solution • Semipermeable membrane outside, liquid core

  13. Implantation • Implanted into wall of abdominal cavity • Blood vessels in cavity bind to capsule • Functions as a new organ • Nutrients carried into capsule and insulin carried out into blood stream • Simple and easy process compared to an organ transplant

  14. Cost • Medical grade Sodium Alginate • Protanal® - FMC BioPolymer • Production of Microencapsulated Islet cells • Islet Technology – Minnesota • Estimated cost per transplant: • $150 000 - $175 000 USD

  15. Questions

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