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By Ravish Amjad (Research & Policy Analyst) ITA / ASER Pakistan

A comparative analysis on the role of the public and private sector as education providers in improving issues of access and quality. By Ravish Amjad (Research & Policy Analyst) ITA / ASER Pakistan. Objective of the Paper.

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By Ravish Amjad (Research & Policy Analyst) ITA / ASER Pakistan

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  1. A comparative analysis on the role of the public and private sector as education providers in improving issues of access and quality By Ravish Amjad (Research & Policy Analyst) ITA/ ASER Pakistan

  2. Objective of the Paper • Explore possible supply side reasons behind the difference in access and quality between the public and private sector. • ASER Pakistan 2011 – Urban & Rural data is used for Peshawar and Lahore • Other studies show similar results • PERI – Research Dimensions of Privatization in Pakistan, India & Bangladesh • Learning and Education Achievements in Punjab Schools (LEAPS)

  3. Private Sector share of enrollment on an increase • Net Enrollment Rates • 42% in 1999 (PIHS 1998-99) • 66% in 2011 (PSLM 2010-11) • Private Sector share of enrollment • 12% in 1991 (PIHS 1990-91) • 34% in 2009 (Pakistan Education Statistics 2008-09) • ASER 2011  Non-State institutes: 26%

  4. Right to Education (RTE) • Article 25A under the 18th Amendment to the Constitution “The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law” • The role of Private Sector? • Will it provide ‘Free’ education? • Or is it going to be just a complimentary choice for the parents?

  5. Data Set Used: ASER Pakistan 2011 • Annual Status of Education Report • ASER is a household based, citizen led survey for evaluating the learning effectiveness of children of age 5-16 yrs of age (2010-2015) • ASER 2011 • 84 rural districts of Pakistan • 3 urban districts • 49,793 households • 146,874 children surveyed (3-16 yrs) • 2,464 Public Schools and 1,178 Private Schools

  6. Quality Inequality • The learning achievements of children in private schools were found to be better than children in government schools, across all provinces in Pakistan.

  7. Achievement in Absolute Terms? • Learning Achievements of private school children are better but only in relative terms • In absolute terms: More than 40% of the children in grade 5 were unable to complete simple grade 2 tasks in language, English and Arithmetic

  8. Private – Public Correlation • Private schools benchmark the quality of Government schools in their respective vicinity • Comparing learning outcomes: urban government vs rural private  the private schools are only better in comparison to their closest government schools. • Private schools offer facilities just a notch superior….. there remains no incentive to improve further

  9. School Level Indicators • These indicators have been compared between the private schools and government schools. • All off them were again betterin private schools. • Useable Toilets • Safe Drinking Water • Availability of Play Ground • Availability of Boundary Walls • Rooms available for teaching • Teacher and Children Attendances

  10. Bridging the inequality gaps • The following should be addressed to bridge the gap: • Missing facilities • Cost per child • Teacher quality and attitudes • Medium of instruction • Syllabi and curriculum

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