Dalhousie-CJSOE Maritime Security Conference ‘Setting the Scene’ Presentation 5 June 2012

1. Three Organization PerspectivesOn Institutional Change:Institutional, Whole-of-Government & Military Dalhousie-CJSOE Maritime Security Conference ‘Setting the Scene’ Presentation 5 June 2012 ken.hansen@dal.ca, 902-494-6444 Halifax MARINE RESEARCH Institute

2. CFPS Research Workshop P.22: “The greatest impediments to information sharing … are neither technical nor procedural. They are institutional and cultural.” P.81: “A good understanding of the organizational culture of and between partners in a maritime security endeavor goes a long way to keeping a coalition of interest strong. Organizational culture is a persistent attribute and has many dimensions.” “Western Hemisphere Perspectives and Approaches to Future Maritime Security Challenges” Conducted: 27-29 October 2011

3. Change Anxiety ? ? ? ? ? 1997 Global Trends 2010 2000 Global Trends 2015 2004 Mapping The Future 2020 2008 Global Trends 2025 2009 Future Security Enviro. 2030 Past, Present, and Future? Today Future Past (Known) (Unknown) Analogy Activity Future ‘Horizons’ US-Can. Future Security Assessments of Trends and Constants Status Quo

4. Landmass = 1: 1.01 Coastline = 1: 10.29 Canada Canada Strategy Begins with Awareness – Similarities & Differences Republic Currency History Policies Strategy Driven 9/11 Language Free Societies Allied Economies Democracies Borders Arts Sports Families United States Canada Monarchy Currency History Policies Management Driven Pop., Economy, Capacity = 10: 1

5. (Some) Complex Agents of Change Environment Military Politics Culture (Domestic) Technology Legal Culture (Foreign) Economy Theory Religion

6. “Mission Command” – 11 August 2011 P.3: “The pace of change and speed of operations will continue to accelerate.” P.4: “Our leaders must be able to see, understand and rapidly exploit opportunities.” P.5: “Joint and service doctrine, education and training are keys to achieving the habit of mission command.” General Martin E. Dempsey, USA Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

7. Organizational Choices Radical Moderate Moderate Radical Scale Of Change Scale Of Change Progression To Transformation Reversion To Tradition Emergence Maintenance Emergence Spectrum of Change: So Many Choices! Organization Future Past (Known) (Unknown) Status Quo

8. Why is Learning and Sharing Information So Important? “The first reason is that, in our globalized world, the well-being of nations is increasingly being defined by the ability to develop and advance knowledge. In other words, knowledge – as opposed to military might or GDP – is gaining momentum as the new currency and passport to success.” His Excellency, The Right Honourable David Johnston, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of Canada Source: “The Diplomacy of Knowledge,” The Globe & Mail, 17 February 2012.

9. Resistance to Change “Deep Structures: “[C]hange is actively prevented … by the set of fundamental ‘choices’ the institution will [consider] taking about: (1) how its units will be organized … and (2) the basic activity patterns that will maintain its existence.” Source: Connie Gersick, “Revolutionary Change Theories: A Multilevel Explorations of the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory,” in Burke, et al., Organization Change: A Comprehensive Reader, (Jossey-Bass, 2009), pp. 144-149.

10. Organizational Choices ‘Emotional’ Leadership ‘Visionary’ Leadership Radical Moderate Moderate Radical Scale Of Change Scale Of Change Progression To Transformation Reversion To Tradition Emergence Maintenance Emergence Reform Conform New Form Spectrum of Change: Which Risk Matters? Organization Future Past (Known) (Unknown) RISK? RISK? RISK? Status Quo “Deep Structures’’ Evolutionary Periods Revolutionary Periods Equilibrium Periods Instability Instability

11. The Three Functional Roles of ‘Maritime Security Forces’ Law Enforcement Doctrine Foreign Relations Doctrine Military Support/Lead when asked Diplomatic Role Constabulary Role Military sometimes Lead/Support when situation stabilized Use of the Sea Military Role Lead Alliance, Joint and Service Doctrines Ken Booth’s Triangle - Navies and Foreign Policies, 1977, 15-16.

12. The Three Roles of ‘Maritime Security Forces’ Ken Booth’s Triangle – Adapted for the ‘New Security Environment’. Order Diplomatic Role Reputation Enforcement Constabulary Role Response Compassion Respect Military Role Security Source: Hansen, “A New Naval Doctrine for the New Security Era,” forthcoming.

13. Culture ? ? ? An Interoperability Governance & Terminology Framework? National/Suprant’l Institution Dept Cmtte Dept Institutional Level of Directing Authority Panel Manager Tactical Collaborate Conglomerate Conflict Coexist Coordinate Cooperate Degree of Interoperability

14. Three ‘Keys’ to MSCA • Key to efficient security assessment is awareness. • Key to accurate analysis is understanding and application of concepts. • Key to effectiveness is accuracy and timeliness of data. The required perspective for these three ‘keys’ will probably NOT come from your own professional frame of reference.

15. Recommended Reference Integrated Maritime Enforcement: A Handbook (PDF) Francois N. Bailet, Fred W. Crickard, and Glen J. Herbert Dalhousie University: Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, 2000 • Principles of Integrated Maritime Enforcement • A Prescriptive Analysis of Integrated Maritime Enforcement Source: http://centreforforeignpolicystudies.dal.ca/pubs.php#notavailable