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NeuroImage 50 (2010) 1148–1167

NeuroImage 50 (2010) 1148–1167 ALE meta-analysis of action observation and imitation in the human brain Svenja Caspers,Karl Zillesa , Angela R.Laird , SimonB.Eickhoff. Background. Mirror neuron system in the macaque brain ( Gallese et al., 1996)

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NeuroImage 50 (2010) 1148–1167

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  1. NeuroImage 50 (2010) 1148–1167 ALE meta-analysis of action observation and imitation in the human brain SvenjaCaspers,KarlZillesa, Angela R.Laird, SimonB.Eickhoff

  2. Background • Mirror neuron system in the macaque brain (Gallese et al., 1996) • Evidence for possible “mirror areas” in humans based on functional neuroimaging experiments • Observation and imitation are closely related • Are observation and imitation sustained by the same neuronal networks?

  3. AIM Identification of cortical areas consistently involved in action observation and imitation… … by a quantitive (coordinate based) meta-analysis of the current neuroimaging literature

  4. Materials & Methods • 139 experiments (fMRI and PET),1289 subjects, 1932 activation foci ( Talairach, MNI coordinates) • Tasks, effectors and instructions

  5. Material & Methods Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) algorithm Input Output Foci from all studies Union activation modelled map (MA) Many foci Each foci = centre of a 3D Gaussian probability distribution Voxel-wise ALE scores True convergence? Comparison of “true” scores with scores in null distribution (baseline activation) 1 Map 1 study

  6. Action Observation Network Symmetrical activation across both hemispheres

  7. Action Observation Network… …subanalysis for effectors

  8. No FFA/FBA activation • BA45 only in right hemisphere • As hand observation but with lower statistical power • FFA/FBA only in right hemisphere • hIP3 only in left hemisphere (the only consistent parietal activation) • As nonHand observation • No consistent SMA activation

  9. Contrast analysis between hand action observation and observation of non-hand actions A: hand observation C : non-hand observation

  10. Action Observation Network… …subanalysis for instructions • Comparable network to main analysis • No parietal activation • Consistent activation of dPMC-BA6, pMTG and extrastriate areas

  11. Contrast analysis between the two instructions • No stronger activation for the instruction “observe to imitate” in any region BUT only 8 experiments were used A: passively observe B: observe to imitate

  12. Action Observation Network… …subanalysis for object-related hand actions • Bilaterally: BA 44, BA6, IPL-PFt, SPL (7a), pMTG,V5 • Right hemisphere: S1, IPS-hIP3 • Activation of temporo-occipital areas

  13. Contrast analysis between object-related hand actions and non-object-related hand action A: object-related hand action B: non-object-related hand action

  14. Action Imitation Network • Bilaterally: BA 44, BA 6, SMA, SFG, S1 (area 2), IPL-PFt, V5 • Left hemisphere:pMTG • Right hemisphere: IPL-PFcm, FFA/FBA, frontal aspect of insular cortex

  15. Action Imitation Network… …subanalysis for effectors • Comparable to the main analysis • Comparable to the main analysis • pMTG bilaterally activated • Activation of BA 4, BA 6, BA 44 SFG • No temporo-occipital activation

  16. Conjunction analyses • Bilaterally: BA 44, BA 6, SMA, PFt, PFop, S1 (area 2), V5 • Left hemisphere: pMTG • Right hemisphere: FFA/FBA

  17. Contrast analyses

  18. Discussion Methodological considerations • Coordinate based meta-analysis vs. image based meta-analysis • Potential presence of confounding factors • No information for the strength of resulting activation • Account for sample size

  19. Discussion Areas involved in each network • Expanded Mirror Neuron System • In humans, observation and imitation networks are similar, if not the same (differences in macaque brain) • BA 44 and PFt/hIP3 homolog to F5 and PFG/PF of macaque respectively • BA 44 => initiation and termination of simple actions (imitation) • BA 45 =>supraordinate aspect of action • SMA mainly activated in non-hand tasks • pMTG involved in the processing of biological motion • V5 involved in motion perception • FFA/FBA serves as an encoder of facial and body stimuli • S1-top down modulation from associative areas

  20. Discussion Neural correlates of action observation • Transient inactivation of observation network- related areas result in impairment of action observation ability • Somatotopy of the involved parts of observation network? • Activation’s independency from the effectors • Possible functions of the network: • - Feedback control of an action (SPL, IPS, BA 6)-optic ataxia • - Implicit processing of object features and their integration within the observed motor act (fronto-parietal areas) • - Composition of the appropriate motor program (dPMC) Neural correlates of action imitation • Bilateral pattern of activation

  21. Thank you!

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