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Pneumonic Plague

Pneumonic Plague. By: Samantha Hatfield & Rachel Irwing. What is it?. A severe lung infection that affects humans and animals. Cause. The Yersina Pestis bacteria . Yersina Pestis. Can survive up to one hour after being released into the air (varies depending on conditions)

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Pneumonic Plague

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  1. Pneumonic Plague By: Samantha Hatfield & Rachel Irwing

  2. What is it? A severe lung infection that affects humans and animals

  3. Cause The YersinaPestis bacteria

  4. YersinaPestis • Can survive up to one hour after being released into the air (varies depending on conditions) • Can be easily destroyed by sunlight and drying • Found in rodents and fleas

  5. Symptoms • Symptoms usually appear 2-3 days after exposure

  6. Symptoms • Fever • Headache • Weakness • Shortness of breath • Chest pain • Cough • Bloody/watery sputum (mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways) • Rapidly developing pneumonia • Pneumonia may progress for 2-4 days causing repiratory/shock *Lower airways: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs

  7. Transmission • Spreads from person to person by inhaling the bacteria released in air • Also spreads by: • Saliva • Coughing • Fecal/oral routes • Surfaces • Blood/needles/transfusions • Sexual contact • Mother to fetus

  8. Treatments • Early treatment is essential • To reduce death patients should take antibiotics within 24 hours of first symptoms

  9. Treatments • Medications that are given: • Streptomycin • Gentamicin • Tetracyclines • Chloramphenicol • Wearing a close fitting mask around an infected person may help someone in close contact with them • A patient that has been taking antibiotics for 7 days also reduces the chances of contamination

  10. Facts • There are two types of Pneumonic Plague • Primary- Inhalation/direct contamination of Y.Pestis bacteria • Secondary- If Bubonic or Septicemic plague goes untreated it allows the bacteria to spread to the lungs • Pneumonic Plague is also 1 of the 3 plagues also known as “Black Death” • Three types of Plague • Pneumonic • Bubonic • Septicemic

  11. Facts • Ring Around the Rosie • Originated from the symptoms of the 3 types of plague • "The invariable sneezing and falling down in modern English versions have given would-be origin finders the opportunity to say that the rhyme dates back to the Plague. A rosy rash, they allege, was a symptom of the plague, and posies of herbs were carried as protection and to ward off the smell of the disease. Sneezing or coughing was a final fatal symptom, and "all fall down" was exactly what happened.“ • The line “Ashes, Ashes” can be interpreted as the many bodies being incinerated during an outbreak • There were so many deaths bodies were lining the streets

  12. Facts • There is currently no vaccine in the U.S. for this plague • Pneumonic is the only type of plague that can be spread from person to person • A person is not contagious until the bacteria reaches the lungs • Listed as a “rare disease” • The Office of Rare Disease of National Institutes of Health

  13. Facts • The first major epidemic was in 540 Pelusium, Egypt • Reached Constantinople in 542 • In the following decade spread to Europe & Asia • The last major pandemic was in 1855-1896 worldwide, but mostly occurred in China & India • 12 million people died

  14. Facts • Bioterrorism • Y. Pestis was used as a weapon • Released clouds of bacteria into countries • Brought infected people to opposing countries on ships to kill off population • Became a common tactic not only with plague

  15. Statistics • Affects less than 200,000 people in the U.S. population • Which is why it is classified as a rare disease • With treatment there is a 5% mortality rate • Without treatment there is a 100% mortality rate • An estimated 75 million people died in Europe ( about 30-60% of their population • A 1970 World Health Organization (WHO) assessment asserted that in a worst-case scenario a dissemination of 50 kg of Y. Pestis in an aerosol cloud over a city of 5 million might result in 150,000 cases of pneumonic plague. Of those, 80,000 to 100,000 cases would require hospitalization, and 36,000 victims would be expected to die.

  16. Work Cited • www.bt.cdc.gov • www.diagnosis.com • UHAVAX.HARTFORD.EDU/BUGL/HISTEPI.HTM • www.gohsep.la.gov/factsheets/FactsAboutPneumonicPlague.htm‎ • plague.emedtv.com/pneumonic-plague/pneumonic-plague.html‎

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