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Our Sun

Our Sun. http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/524990main_FAQ10_full.jpg. How did it form? Basic facts 99.8% of mass 100x diameter of Earth 5,527 o C 92.1% H, 7.8% He Plasma Sun today Main source of Earth’s energy. How do we get the Sun’s energy?. Need to know! Thermal energy

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Our Sun

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  1. Our Sun http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/524990main_FAQ10_full.jpg • How did it form? • Basic facts • 99.8% of mass • 100x diameter of Earth • 5,527oC • 92.1% H, 7.8% He • Plasma • Sun today • Main source of Earth’s energy

  2. How do we get the Sun’s energy? • Need to know! • Thermal energy • Temperature • Heat • 3 Types of heat • Occur in different parts of the Sun 1. Conduction • Core • Dense, hottest • Hydrogen fusion

  3. 2. Radiation • Light waves • How energy gets to Earth • Radiation Zone • Energy moves slowly • Thick layer

  4. 3. Convection • In liquids and gases • Material heated (conduction) • Rises….why? • Sinks….why? • Repeat • Convection Zone • Moves more quickly in this layer

  5. Inner Solar Structure Review • Core • Radiation Zone • Convection Zone

  6. Outer Solar Structure • Photosphere • Visible surface • Chromosphere • Temp. increases • Red glow • Corona • Outermost layer • Very hot • Seen during an eclipse

  7. Sun’s Magnetic Field http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57597396/ • What is a magnetic field? • What causes a magnetic field? • On the Sun? • Effect of rotation • Different rotation rates • Magnetic field lines get wound up • Eventually snap

  8. Sunspots http://oneminuteastronomer.com/1018/sunspots/ Intense magnetic field prevents convection. Cooler than nearby areas Appear in pairs Brightness & temp.

  9. Sunspot Cycle • Predictable cycle • 11-years • Minimums • Last = 2008/2009 • Low # of prominences, flares and sunspots • Cooler climate on Earth • Lastmaximum = 2013 http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/student/johnson5/sunspotcycle.html

  10. Surface Features • Solar flares • Caused by field snap • High energy • Explosive • Prominence • Loops/arches • Follow magnetic field lines into space

  11. Solar Wind & CME http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/browse/2013/10/14/index.shtml • Solar Wind • Plasma stream • Hot, high speed • Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) • Massive eruption • Rearrangement of magnetic field lines • Recent CMEs • Effects on Earth • Disrupt magnetic field shape • Damage electronics • Danger to astronauts

  12. Aurora http://www.public.iastate.edu/~sdk/fick2003/october.html • Interaction of particles and magnetic field • Particles drawn to poles • Colors • Elements • Altitude • Constantly changing • Borealis or Australis • Video

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