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English 12206

English 12206. English IV Lecture (1) Reported Speech By Munira M. Ismail. Reported Speech. “Medical English” Ramon Ribes Pablo R. Ros Objectives: By the end of this lecture Students should be able to: Report sentences. Report Questions. Reported Speech.

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English 12206

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  1. English 12206 English IV Lecture (1) Reported Speech By Munira M. Ismail

  2. Reported Speech “Medical English” • Ramon Ribes Pablo R. Ros • Objectives: By the end of this lecture Students should be able to: • Report sentences. • Report Questions.

  3. Reported Speech • Sentences we say are in “Direct Speech”. • If we want to report what someone says to someone else, this is called the “ Indirect Speech OR Reported speech” • Imagine that you want to tell someone else what the patient said. • You can either repeatthe patient's words/ useReported Speech.

  4. Reported Speech • “I have a headache”. (Direct Speech) • The patient says(that) he hasa headache. (Indirect Speech / Reported Speech) • “I study Medicine”. says Nawras (Direct Speech) • Nawrassays(that) shestudiesMedicine. (Indirect Speech / Reported Speech)

  5. Reported Speech • We can use (said) instead of (says). • The reporting verb (said) can come before or afterthe Reported Clause. • “Dr. Ahmad is operating on the new patient”. said Dr. Adam. • Dr. Adam said (that) Dr. Ahmad wasoperating on the new patient.

  6. Reported Speech • “The nurse has taken the blood pressure.” • He said(that) the nurse had taken the blood pressure. • “I’m going to London next month.” • He said(that) he wasgoing to London the following month.

  7. Reported Speech • Reporting in the Present: • When the Reporting Verb is in the Present tense, itisn't necessary to change the tense of the verb: • "I'llhelpyou guys to operate on this knee", Dr. Hassan says. • Dr. Hassan says (that) he will help us to operate on this knee.

  8. Reported Speech • Reporting in the Past: • When the Reporting Verb is in the Past tense, theVerbin Direct Speech usually Changes in the following ways: • Simple Present → Simple Past. • “The nurse helps the patient to walk.” • He said that the nurse helped the patient to walk.

  9. Reported Speech • Present Continuous → Past Continuous. • “Amna is doing her homework.” • He said that Amnawas doing her homework. • Simple Past → Past Perfect. • “The ambulance took the injured man to the hospital.” • He said that the ambulance had taken the injured man to the hospital.

  10. Reported Speech • Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous. • “The patient was waiting in the corridor.” • The nurse said that the patient had been waiting in the corridor.

  11. Reported Speech • Present Perfect → Past Perfect. • “Dr. Khalid has arrived at the hospital.” • He said that Dr. Khalid had arrived at the hospital.

  12. Reported Speech • Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous. • “I have been studying MR imaging for three months." ( said Dr. Salim) • Dr. Salim said that he had been studying MR imaging for three months.

  13. Reported Speech • Past Perfect stays the Same. • “I had worked as a doctor all my life.” • She said that she had worked as a doctor all her life. • “She had learned Spanish in Spain.” (Mother said) • Mother said that she had learned Spanish in Spain.

  14. Reported Speech • Future → Conditional. • “I will attend the international conference.” • He said that he would attend the international conference.

  15. Reported Speech • Future Continuous → Conditional Continuous. • “I will be operating on the patient we talked about.” ( said Dr. Fatima) • Dr. Fatima said that she would be operating on the patient we talked about.

  16. Reported Speech • Future Perfect → Conditional Perfect. • “The liver will have already arrived by the time we begin the transplantation.” • The Doctor said that the liver would have already arrived by the time we begin the transplantation.

  17. Reported Speech • Conditionalstays the same. • “I would try to contact the hospital again.” • He said that he would try to contact the hospital again.

  18. Reported Speech • Pronouns,and Adverbs also Change: • First Person Singular → Third Person Singular. • “Iwas on call yesterday.” • He said that hehad been on call the day before.

  19. Reported Speech • Second Person Singular → First Person • “You ought to be here on time.” • He said that I ought to be there on time. • First Person Plural →Third Person Plural. • “We enjoyed our holiday.” • They said that they had enjoyed their holiday.

  20. Reported Speech • Second Person Plural → First Person Plural. • “You were residents last year.” • The doctors said that we had been residents the year before.

  21. Reported Speech • Now → then. Today → that day. • Tomorrow → the day after • “I’m on call tomorrow.” • She said that she was on callthe day after. • Yesterday → the day before. • This → that. Here → there. • Ago → before.

  22. Reported Speech • It isnot always necessary to change the verb when you use Reported Speech. • If you are reporting something and you feel that it is still true, you do not need to change the tense of the verb, but if you want you cando it:

  23. Reported Speech • “The treatment of choice of HZV infections is acyclovir.” • He said (that) the treatment of choice of HZV infections is acyclovir. • He said (that) the treatment of choice of HZV infections wasacyclovir.

  24. Reported Speech • Reporting Questions: • (1) Yes and No Questions • We use whether or if: • “Do you smoke?” • The doctor askedif I smoked .

  25. Reported Speech • “Have you had any diarrhea?” • The doctor askedme whether I had had any diarrhea or not. • “Are you taking any pills or medicines at the moment?” • The doctor asked me if I was taking any pills or medicines then.

  26. Reported Speech • (2) Wh. . . Questions: • We use the same question word as in the Wh... question: • “How often doyouhave headaches?” • The doctor askedhow often Ihad headaches.

  27. Reported Speech • “What kind of antibiotics are you taking?” • The doctor asked me what kind of antibiotics Iwas taking. • Reported Questions have the following Characteristics:

  28. Reported Speech • The Word Order is Different from the Originalquestion. The verb follows the subject as in an Ordinary Statement. • The auxiliary verb do is not used. • There is noquestion mark. • The verb changes in the same way as in Direct Speech.

  29. Reported Speech • “How old are you?” • The doctor asked me how old I was. • “Do you play tennis?” • The doctor asked me if I playedtennis.

  30. Reported Speech • Reporting Orders and Requests • Subject + told + (pronoun) + to + infinitive + object (indirect): • “Take the pills before meals.” • The doctor told me to take the pills before meals.

  31. Reported Speech • “You mustn't smoke.” • The doctor told me not to smoke. • Reporting Suggestions and Advice • Suggestions and advice are reported in the following forms:

  32. Reported Speech • (1) Suggestions : • “Why don't we operate on that patient this evening?” • The surgeon suggestedoperating on that patient that evening. • (2) Advice: “You had better stay in bed.” • The doctor advised me to stay in bed.

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