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Test 4

Physical Science PHS 101. Test 4. Beiser Chapter 22, 23, 24, 27, 28 Chemistry. 452 South Anderson Road Rock Hill, SC 29730 www.yorktech.com. Stuff. Rutherford Model.

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Test 4

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  1. Physical SciencePHS 101 Test 4 Beiser Chapter 22, 23, 24, 27, 28 Chemistry 452 South Anderson Road Rock Hill, SC 29730 www.yorktech.com

  2. Stuff

  3. Rutherford Model "It was quite the most incredible event that has ever happened in my life. It was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you." - Ernest Rutherford Expected Actual

  4. Periodic Table

  5. Electron Shells • Electrons travel around nucleus in shells • Only so many electrons per shell • Inner shells filled first • Atom wants to have a full outer shell 18 8 8 2

  6. Periodic Table

  7. Ionic Bonds Beiser p.161

  8. Covalent Bonds Beiser p.161

  9. Chemical Reactions Beiser p.171

  10. 24.10

  11. 24.10 b

  12. 24.18

  13. 24.21

  14. Solutions • Solubility – how much solute will mix in a given amount of solvent • Saturated – 100% of the possible solute is in a solvent. Beiser p.192

  15. Water Beiser p.192

  16. Polar Beiser p.192

  17. Dissociation Beiser p.199

  18. Ions Hydronium Ion Hydroxide Ion Beiser p.199

  19. Acids • Acids are solutions containing more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions. • The resulting electric charge is positive • Acids taste sour. • Litmus paper turns pink or pinkish red in an acid solution. Beiser p.199

  20. Bases • Bases are solutions containing more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions. • The resulting electric charge is negative. • Bases taste bitter and feel slippery. • Litmus paper turns pale to medium blue in a basic solution.  Beiser p.199

  21. pH Neutral solutions • contain the same quantity of hydronium and hydroxide ions • Neutral solutions are neither acidic nor basic As the relative number of hydronium ions increase • the solution becomes more and more acidic • the pH decreases toward zero. As the relative number of hydroxide ions increase • the solution becomes more and more basic • the pH increases toward 14. • Another name for “basic” is “alkaline”. Beiser p.199

  22. pH Scale Beiser p.199

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