RF/RFID Technology & Commercialization Forum

1. RF/RFIDTechnology & Commercialization Forum Hosted by:

2. Status and Motion Activated Radiofrequency Tag (SMART) Sensors Robert Kauffman University of Dayton Research Institute Nonstructural Materials Dayton OH 45469 Robert.Kauffman@udri.udayton.edu

3. University of Dayton Research Institute: The Early Days Wright Air Development Center, 1949, $12,200 Applied, classified research, 1951 Willing, brilliant, responsible & trustworthy Airplanes, nukes and materials A partner in national defense • Greenhouse (1950) • Tumbler-Snapper (1952) • Upshot-Knothole (1953) • Castle (1954) • Teapot (1955) • Redwing (1956) • Plumbob (1957) • Hardtack (1958) UDRI researchers involved in Operation Castle in the South Pacific 1954.

4. Facts About Research Institute Established in 1956 Basic and applied research in engineering and science Fully supported by external sponsors Integral part of the University of Dayton Reinforces University’s mission 2009 revenues exceeded $96.5M Customers include government and industry Projects range from very small to very large in cost and duration

5. UDRI Core Strengths • Materials and Processes • Polymers • Elastomers and Sealants • Fuels and Combustion • Fluids & Lubricants • Adhesives & Coatings • Nuclear Containment Materials • Formulation & Characterization • Corrosion Science & Mitigation • Mechanical and Structural Technologies • Design, Analysis, Modeling & Simulation • Development (Prototyping & Manufacturing) • Testing- Static & Dynamic (Material, Component, or System) • Problem Solving • Life Prediction/Extension • Thermal and Fluid Analysis • Technology Assessment • Carbon • Ceramics • Hard & Soft Magnetics • Composites • Nanomaterials • Optical Materials • Constitutive & Failure Modeling • Thermal Management • Root Cause Failure Analysis • Vibration Analysis and Damping • Nondestructive, Inspection/Engineering • Fatigue & Failure Analysis • Flight Loads Analysis • Impact Behavior & Analysis • Robotics Design

6. UDRI Core Strengths • Energy and Environmental Technologies • Fuels and Combustion • Coal-to-Liquids • Bio Fuel Characterization • Remote Site Power Generation • Emissions & Environmental Assessment • Sensors and Electronics • Remote Sensing • Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear & Explosives Sensing • Instrumentation Metrology • Cognitive Systems • Human Factors • Knowledge Management • Data Synthesis & Presentation • Web Accessibility • Batteries • Fuel Cells • Energy Harvesting • Aviation Fuels • Electronic Test Systems • Integrated Health Monitoring • Condition Based Maintenance • Training Systems • Information Technology • Emergency Response Decision Making

7. CONCEPT OF CONDITION-BASED OUTPUT • Even though there are 1000’s of sensors, only the • sensors experiencing an abnormal condition • will output a signal (minimize data handling) • For long-term wiring use, the sensor must: • Not need Calibration/Signal evaluation • Be read with simple system • Not need power on sensor • Be small, low Weight (< 1 gram) and low Cost ( $1-5) • Be programmable with sensor location/type • Provide permanent record of abnormal condition • Concept of Reversibly Deactivated RFID Tag

8. Status or Motion Activated Radiofrequency Tag (SMART) Sensors Example: Alien Gen 2 Squiggle RFID Tag with Integrated Chip (IC) By-Passed (Concept tested with both HF and UHF tags) By-Pass When By-Pass Intact – Tag can not be read When By-Pass Broken/Opened – Tag can be read from normal distance Eliminates the Need for Constant Monitoring to Detect Event Eliminates the Need for Adding a Powered Sensor Developed under funding from FAA Technical Center Aging Aircraft Electrical System Program

9. Steps in Producing “SMART Clamp” Prototype (Etched) With Button Switch Miniature Push Button Switch When Switch Pressed (Clamp Closed), By-Pass Closed – RFID Tag Undetectable When Switch Released (Clamp Failed), By-Pass Open – Tag ID No./Location Read

10. Different Uses for SMART Sensor • Push-Button Switch in By-Pass • Smart Clamp for wiring bundles: improper wire installation/clamp breakage • Tamper detection: release of closed button tears un-repairable circuit • Impact Switch in By-pass • Unsupported wiring striking against wall during flight: detected at rest on ground • Dropped during shipping: detection at shipping center • Football and Army helmets: tell if exceeded impact limit • Composite aircraft/car bumpers: tell if been hit (damage not visible on outside ) • Conductive Path in By-pass • Detect cracks in composite panels such as planes, wind turbine blades, helmets • Detect tampering such as electronics, bottle of wine, drug cartons, etc. • Tire Tread life • Meltable/Corrodible /Fuel Soluble Path in By-Pass • Detect intermittent hot spots during flight: detect with electricity off on ground • Detect frozen food/vaccines that experienced temporary warm-up • Detect corrosive environment for wide range of structures, equipment, etc. • Detect bacteria in fuels, foods by resulting biocorrosion • Detect Fuel Leaks (KC-135 Fuel Bladder Leaks)

11. What We Need Going Forward Is… • Patent Application January 2010 • Licensed to American Thermal Instruments June 2011 • Sublicensed to Dayton RCC July 2011 • Need commercial applications to be COTS for military and aerospace • Looking for Partners with a Core Strength that Matches each Particular Application • Based on publicity have had inquiries from: • Safety helmet company • Airline companies • Construction equipment company

12. Our Future Milestones Are: • Received FAA Funding (August 2011) to produce sensors specific to electrical wiring issues • Working with American Thermal Instruments (ATI) to produce modified RFID tags with electrical connections for required by-pass • Expect to have prototype sensors for initial lab evaluations by end of year • Expect to have sensors on the market in next 12 – 18 months • ATI first application: sensor that indicates if railroad wheel bearings exceeded operating temperatures during trip • Dayton RCC application

13. Questions?

14. Robert Kauffman University of Dayton Research Institute Nonstructural Materials Dayton OH 45469 Robert.Kauffman@udri.udayton.edu (937) 229-3942